{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:17:42Z","timestamp":1787314662284,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017268","name":"Berlin Institute of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017268","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010447","name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Herz-Kreislaufforschung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FKZ 81Z2100202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FKZ 81Z2100202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010447","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","internationaljournalofcardiology.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,21]],"date-time":"2023-12-21T21:36:54Z","timestamp":1703194614000},"page":"131665","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Cholesterol crystals at the culprit lesion in patients with acute coronary syndrome are associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes at two years follow up - results from the translational OPTICO-ACS study program"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"399","author":[{"given":"Gregor","family":"Nelles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youssef S.","family":"Abdelwahed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Seppelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denitsa","family":"Meteva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara E.","family":"St\u00e4hli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Himanshu","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lena M.","family":"Seegers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Sieronski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Musfeldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Gerhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Riedel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Skurk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arash","family":"Haghikia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Sinning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henryk","family":"Dreger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Knebel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias D.","family":"Trippel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximillian","family":"Krisper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jens","family":"Klotsche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Joner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulf","family":"Landmesser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Leistner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs411","article-title":"Update on acute coronary syndromes: the pathologists\u2019 view","volume":"34","author":"Falk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2016.02.010","article-title":"Association between cholesterol crystals and culprit lesion vulnerability in patients with acute coronary syndrome: an optical coherence tomography study","volume":"247","author":"Dai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.905363","article-title":"The relationships between cholesterol crystals, NLRP3 inflammasome, and coronary atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability in acute coronary syndrome: an optical coherence tomography study","volume":"9","author":"Xue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1177\/43.10.7560885","article-title":"Evidence of foam cell and cholesterol crystal formation in macrophages incubated with oxidized LDL by fluorescence and electron microscopy","volume":"43","author":"Klinkner","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)38106-2","article-title":"Cholesterol turnover in lipid phases of human atherosclerotic plaque","volume":"23","author":"Katz","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960280906","article-title":"Cholesterol crystals cause mechanical damage to biological membranes: a proposed mechanism of plaque rupture and erosion leading to arterial thrombosis","volume":"28","author":"Abela","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Cardiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11765","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011765","article-title":"Cholesterol crystals activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in human macrophages: a novel link between cholesterol metabolism and inflammation","volume":"5","author":"Rajam\u00e4ki","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2236","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa505","article-title":"Cholesterol crystals and atherosclerosis","volume":"41","author":"Baumer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.09.079","article-title":"Consensus standards for acquisition, measurement, and reporting of intravascular optical coherence tomography studies: a report from the International Working Group for Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography Standardization and Validation","volume":"59","author":"Tearney","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2016.04.003","article-title":"Cholesterol crystal as a new feature of coronary vulnerable plaques: an optical coherence tomography study","volume":"69","author":"Nishimura","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2019.02.009","article-title":"Incidence, factors, and clinical significance of cholesterol crystals in coronary plaque: an optical coherence tomography study","volume":"283","author":"Fujiyoshi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis."},{"issue":"37","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3549","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa703","article-title":"Differential immunological signature at the culprit site distinguishes acute coronary syndrome with intact from acute coronary syndrome with ruptured fibrous cap: results from the prospective translational OPTICO-ACS study","volume":"41","author":"Leistner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv320","volume":"37","author":"Roffi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs215","article-title":"ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation","volume":"33","author":"Steg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp433","article-title":"Expert review document on methodology, terminology, and clinical applications of optical coherence tomography: physical principles, methodology of image acquisition, and clinical application for assessment of coronary arteries and atherosclerosis","volume":"31","author":"Prati","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-022-00687-9","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography in coronary atherosclerosis assessment and intervention","volume":"19","author":"Araki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2017.05.013","article-title":"Prevalence, predictors, and clinical presentation of a calcified nodule as assessed by optical coherence tomography","volume":"10","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.80.2.410","article-title":"A classification","volume":"80","author":"Braunwald","year":"1989","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2635","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.029289","article-title":"Standardized end point definitions for coronary intervention trials: the academic research consortium-2 consensus document","volume":"137","author":"Garcia-Garcia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"364","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2022.06.016","article-title":"Cholesterol crystals in non-culprit plaques of STEMI patients: a 3-vessel OCT study","author":"Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv653","article-title":"Cholesterol crystal induced arterial inflammation and destabilization of atherosclerotic plaque","volume":"37","author":"Janoudi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.19.8.1891","article-title":"Crystallization of free cholesterol in model macrophage foam cells","volume":"19","author":"Kellner-Weibel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abela GS, Aziz K. Cholesterol crystals rupture biological membranes and human plaques during acute cardiovascular events--a novel insight into plaque rupture by scanning electron microscopy. Scanning. 2006 Jan-Feb; 28(1):1\u201310. PubMed PMID: 16502619. Epub 2006\/03\/01. eng.","DOI":"10.1002\/sca.4950280101"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155117","article-title":"Modeling of mechanical stress exerted by cholesterol crystallization on atherosclerotic plaques","volume":"11","author":"Luo","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2019.01.033","article-title":"Biomechanical stress profiling of coronary atherosclerosis: identifying a multifactorial metric to evaluate plaque rupture risk","volume":"13","author":"Doradla","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeab247","article-title":"Coexistence of calcified- and lipid-containing plaque components and their association with incidental rupture points in acute coronary syndrome-causing culprit lesions: results from the prospective OPTICO-ACS study","volume":"23","author":"Abdelwahed","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1007\/s13239-014-0186-6","article-title":"Effect of calcification modulus and geometry on stress in models of calcified atherosclerotic plaque","volume":"5","author":"Buffinton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Eng. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102985","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.102985","article-title":"Cholesterol crystals use complement to increase NLRP3 signaling pathways in coronary and carotid atherosclerosis","volume":"60","author":"Niyonzima","year":"2020","journal-title":"EBioMedicine."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu272","article-title":"The effect of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist therapy on markers of inflammation in non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes: the MRC-ILA Heart Study","volume":"36","author":"Morton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.12406","article-title":"Inflammation and plaque vulnerability","volume":"278","author":"Hansson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz520","article-title":"Relationship between coronary plaque morphology of the left anterior descending artery and 12 months clinical outcome: the CLIMA study","volume":"41","author":"Prati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3911","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehad334","article-title":"Culprit plaque morphology determines inflammatory risk and clinical outcomes in acute coronary syndrome","volume":"44","author":"Gerhardt","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa575","article-title":"2020 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation","volume":"42","author":"Collet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx393","volume":"39","author":"Ibanez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"46","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4101","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy633","article-title":"Residual inflammatory risk and the impact on clinical outcomes in patients after percutaneous coronary interventions","volume":"39","author":"Kalkman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707914","article-title":"Antiinflammatory therapy with canakinumab for atherosclerotic disease","volume":"377","author":"Ridker","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.119.312934","article-title":"Feasibility and clinical significance of in vivo cholesterol crystal detection using optical coherence tomography","volume":"40","author":"Katayama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527323018004?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527323018004?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T21:04:35Z","timestamp":1759093475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167527323018004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S0167527323018004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-5273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-5273","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cholesterol crystals at the culprit lesion in patients with acute coronary syndrome are associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes at two years follow up - results from the translational OPTICO-ACS study program","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131665","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"131665"}}