{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T06:02:59Z","timestamp":1791352979699,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","internationaljournalofcardiology.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T18:13:45Z","timestamp":1704132825000},"page":"131705","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Epidemiological study of pediatric rheumatic heart disease: An analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"400","author":[{"given":"Chenhan","family":"Mao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaojin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xindong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61171-9","article-title":"Rheumatic heart disease","volume":"379","author":"Marijon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010","article-title":"Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990-2019: update from the GBD 2019 study","volume":"76","author":"Roth","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-019-03128-7","article-title":"Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in children","volume":"87","author":"Arvind","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0041-2019","article-title":"Rheumatic heart disease in the modern era: recent developments and current challenges","volume":"52","author":"Leal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.06.063","article-title":"Rheumatic heart disease worldwide: JACC scientific expert panel","volume":"72","author":"Watkins","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1953","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003495","article-title":"Echocardiographic screening for rheumatic heart disease in high and low risk Australian children","volume":"129","author":"Roberts","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0035","first-page":"555","article-title":"Acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease among children \u2013 American Samoa, 2011\u20132012","volume":"64","author":"Beaudoin","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Morb. Mortal. Wkly Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e717","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(14)70310-9","article-title":"Active surveillance for rheumatic heart disease in endemic regions: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence among children and adolescents","volume":"2","author":"Rothenb\u00fchler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30977-6","article-title":"Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2019: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0050","article-title":"Burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"378","author":"Safiri","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjpc\/zwac044","article-title":"Global burden of rheumatic heart disease and its association with socioeconomic development status, 1990-2019","volume":"29","author":"Lv","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s00384-023-04522-6","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of intestinal obstruction from 1990 to 2019: an analysis from the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"38","author":"Long","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Color. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30925-9","article-title":"Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1135","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31404-5","article-title":"Five insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","volume":"396","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.025284","article-title":"Rheumatic heart disease is a neglected disease relative to its burden worldwide: findings from global burden of disease 2019","volume":"11","author":"Ghamari","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(20000215)19:3<335::AID-SIM336>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Permutation tests for joinpoint regression with applications to cancer rates","volume":"19","author":"Kim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1002\/cac2.12197","article-title":"Cancer incidence, mortality, and burden in China: a time-trend analysis and comparison with the United States and United Kingdom based on the global epidemiological data released in 2020","volume":"41","author":"Qiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Commun. (Lond.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-021-00570-z","article-title":"Global epidemiology of valvular heart disease","volume":"18","author":"Coffey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1007\/s12013-015-0552-5","article-title":"Rheumatic heart disease: causes, symptoms, and treatments","volume":"72","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000000921","article-title":"Contemporary diagnosis and management of rheumatic heart disease: implications for closing the gap: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"142","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2209051","article-title":"Rivaroxaban in rheumatic heart disease-associated atrial fibrillation","volume":"387","author":"Connolly","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2012.7","article-title":"World Heart Federation criteria for echocardiographic diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease \u2013 an evidence-based guideline","volume":"9","author":"Rem\u00e9nyi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0115","first-page":"8","article-title":"Awareness of rheumatic heart disease in Egypt: a National Multicenter Study","author":"Sayed","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Dev. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.09.184","article-title":"Echocardiographic prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in Indian school children using World Heart Federation criteria \u2013 a multi site extension of RHEUMATIC study (the e-RHEUMATIC study)","volume":"249","author":"Saxena","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.06.088","article-title":"Echocardiographic prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in Brazilian schoolchildren: data from the PROVAR study","volume":"219","author":"Nascimento","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487319833307","article-title":"Is mitral valve disease treated differently in men and women","volume":"26","author":"Kislitsina","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcnurse.2004.10.004","article-title":"Gender makes a difference in the description of dyspnoea in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"4","author":"Ekman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cardiovasc. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.15405","article-title":"Gender differences in bicuspid aortic valve Sievers types, valvulopathy, aortopathy, and outcome of aortic valve replacement","volume":"39","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.14361","article-title":"Gender-specific prevalence and trend of heart failure in China from 1990 to 2019","volume":"10","author":"Peng","year":"2023","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13374","article-title":"Rheumatic heart disease anno 2020: impacts of gender and migration on epidemiology and management","volume":"50","author":"Mutagaywa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.8318","article-title":"Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Gauteng on the decline: experience at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa","volume":"104","author":"Cilliers","year":"2014","journal-title":"S. Afr. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0133004","article-title":"Screening for rheumatic heart disease among Peruvian children: a two-stage sampling observational study","volume":"10","author":"Spitzer","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2014.07.053","article-title":"Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease in young adults from New Caledonia","volume":"108","author":"Ledos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.008730","article-title":"Impact of socioeconomic status, ethnicity, and urbanization on risk factor profiles of cardiovascular disease in Africa","volume":"133","author":"Sliwa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487316687104","article-title":"Community-based prevalence study of rheumatic heart disease in rural Ethiopia","volume":"24","author":"Gemechu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2022.10.009","article-title":"Recommendations for the use of echocardiography in the evaluation of rheumatic heart disease: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography","volume":"36","author":"Pandian","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2102074","article-title":"Secondary antibiotic prophylaxis for latent rheumatic heart disease","volume":"386","author":"Beaton","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(21)00215-1","article-title":"Targeted investment needed to end rheumatic heart disease in Africa","volume":"9","author":"Okello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Glob. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.704729","article-title":"Treating children with advanced rheumatic heart disease in sub-Saharan Africa: the NGO EMERGENCY\u2019s project at the Salam Centre for Cardiac Surgery in Sudan","volume":"9","author":"Miccio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.5334\/gh.347","article-title":"Health education about rheumatic heart disease: a community-based cluster randomized trial: rheumatic heart disease educational strategies","volume":"15","author":"Oliveira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glob. Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-2-58","article-title":"Health education interventions to raise awareness of rheumatic fever: a systematic review protocol","volume":"2","author":"Ramsey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Syst. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0210","first-page":"10","article-title":"An experimental group A Streptococcus vaccine that reduces pharyngitis and tonsillitis in a nonhuman primate model","author":"Rivera-Hernandez","year":"2019","journal-title":"mBio"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.7774\/cevr.2016.5.2.101","article-title":"Accelerating the development of a group A Streptococcus vaccine: an urgent public health need","volume":"5","author":"Excler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Vaccine Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa065085","article-title":"Prevalence of rheumatic heart disease detected by echocardiographic screening","volume":"357","author":"Marijon","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.11.234","article-title":"Outcomes of borderline rheumatic heart disease: a prospective cohort study","volume":"228","author":"Bertaina","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527323018636?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527323018636?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T21:04:21Z","timestamp":1759093461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167527323018636"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0167527323018636"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-5273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-5273","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Epidemiological study of pediatric rheumatic heart disease: An analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2023.131705","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"131705"}}