{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T01:42:45Z","timestamp":1788918165247,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":168,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL150115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL150115"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AA\/18\/5\/34222"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA\/18\/5\/34222"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CH\/15\/2\/32064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CH\/15\/2\/32064"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG\/20\/8\/34995"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG\/20\/8\/34995"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000274","name":"British Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FS\/CRTF\/20\/24058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FS\/CRTF\/20\/24058"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000274","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","internationaljournalofcardiology.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,23]],"date-time":"2024-02-23T13:32:23Z","timestamp":1708695143000},"page":"131901","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Innate and adaptive immunity in acute myocarditis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"404","author":[{"given":"Michele","family":"Golino","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Harding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco Giuseppe","family":"Del Buono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Fanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saidi","family":"Mohiddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Toldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Smyth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Sanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Marelli-Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Abbate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2114478","article-title":"Myocarditis","volume":"387","author":"Basso","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-020-00435-x","article-title":"Myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy: current evidence and future directions","volume":"18","author":"Tsch\u00f6pe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-27631-8","article-title":"Systematic analysis of drug-associated myocarditis reported in the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database","volume":"13","author":"Nguyen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.120.007405","article-title":"Management of acute myocarditis and chronic inflammatory cardiomyopathy: an expert consensus document","volume":"13","author":"Ammirati","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Heart Fail."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056817","article-title":"Prevalence, characteristics, and outcomes of COVID-19-associated acute myocarditis","volume":"145","author":"Ammirati","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.010","article-title":"Global burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors, 1990-2019: update from the GBD 2019 study","volume":"76","author":"Roth","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1810","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-05951-z","article-title":"Trends in myocarditis incidence, complications and mortality in Sweden from 2000 to 2014","volume":"12","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.035319","article-title":"Clinical presentation and outcome in a contemporary cohort of patients with acute myocarditis: multicenter lombardy registry","volume":"138","author":"Ammirati","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00648-X","article-title":"Detection of viruses in myocardial tissues by polymerase chain reaction. Evidence of adenovirus as a common cause of myocarditis in children and adults","volume":"42","author":"Bowles","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm076","article-title":"A prospective study of biopsy-proven myocarditis: prognostic relevance of clinical and aetiopathogenetic features at diagnosis","volume":"28","author":"Caforio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn296","article-title":"Acute viral myocarditis","volume":"29","author":"Dennert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2012.02.002","article-title":"Parvovirus B19 is a bystander in adult myocarditis","volume":"21","author":"Koepsell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Pathol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.665","article-title":"Relevance of cardiac parvovirus B19 in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy: review of the literature","volume":"18","author":"Verdonschot","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.119.013757","article-title":"Immune checkpoint inhibitor myocarditis: pathophysiological characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"9","author":"Palaskas","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2014.01.062","article-title":"Innate immunity and cardiomyocytes in ischemic heart disease","volume":"100","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.28.886","article-title":"Tissue-specific mRNA expression profiles of human toll-like receptors and related genes","volume":"28","author":"Nishimura","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1177\/039463200902200208","article-title":"Inflammasomes are differentially expressed in cardiovascular and other tissues","volume":"22","author":"Yin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-008-0765-5","article-title":"Role of the innate immune system in acute viral myocarditis","volume":"104","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Basic Res. Cardiol."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2109730","article-title":"Myocarditis after BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine against Covid-19 in Israel","volume":"385","author":"Mevorach","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2022.01.037","article-title":"Myocarditis after RNA-based vaccines for coronavirus","volume":"353","author":"Cordero","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2022.03.014","article-title":"Myocarditis after RNA-based COVID-19 vaccines: where do we stand?","volume":"356","author":"Moroni","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.08.018","article-title":"Fulminant myocarditis and systemic hyperinflammation temporally associated with BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in two patients","volume":"340","author":"Abbate","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.117.003870","article-title":"NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2) is a major pathogenic mediator of coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis","volume":"10","author":"Tsch\u00f6pe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ. Heart Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.11.015","article-title":"Monocyte and macrophage contributions to cardiac remodeling","volume":"93","author":"Hulsmans","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.12.137","article-title":"Formation of the inflammasome in acute myocarditis","volume":"171","author":"Toldo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0800861","article-title":"Cutting edge: cardiac myosin activates innate immune responses through TLRs","volume":"183","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3720","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-07-273417","article-title":"Interleukin-1 in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory diseases","volume":"117","author":"Dinarello","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1438","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00441.2014","article-title":"Involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome in CVB3-induced viral myocarditis","volume":"307","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2168","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq467","article-title":"Mesenchymal stem cells improve murine acute coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis","volume":"32","author":"Van Linthout","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2820","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-20686-6","article-title":"Mesenchymal stromal cells inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation in a model of Coxsackievirus B3-induced inflammatory cardiomyopathy","volume":"8","author":"Miteva","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.07.098","article-title":"A membrane potential- and Calpain-dependent reversal of Caspase-1 inhibition regulates canonical NLRP3 Inflammasome","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-022-00948-1","article-title":"Mitochondrial calpain-1 activates NLRP3 inflammasome by cleaving ATP5A1 and inducing mitochondrial ROS in CVB3-induced myocarditis","volume":"117","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Basic Res. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20077","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-22617-y","article-title":"IL-37 alleviates Coxsackievirus B3-induced viral myocarditis via inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis","volume":"12","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.10988","article-title":"Colchicine, a microtubule-disassembling drug, in the therapy of cardiovascular diseases","volume":"42","author":"Chaldakov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Biol. Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13845","article-title":"Colchicine prevents disease progression in viral myocarditis via modulating the NLRP3 inflammasome in the cardiosplenic axis","volume":"9","author":"Pappritz","year":"2022","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.151.3.1682","article-title":"Role of IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor in coxsackie virus-induced autoimmune myocarditis","volume":"151","author":"Lane","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.2.846","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibody on the murine model of viral myocarditis induced by encephalomyocarditis virus","volume":"89","author":"Yamada","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.08.004","article-title":"IL-1\u03b2 reduces cardiac lymphatic muscle contraction via COX-2 and PGE(2) induction: potential role in myocarditis","volume":"107","author":"Al-Kofahi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2930","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.11.2930","article-title":"Persistent expression of cytokine in the chronic stage of viral myocarditis in mice","volume":"94","author":"Shioi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20021788","article-title":"Activation of dendritic cells through the interleukin 1 receptor 1 is critical for the induction of autoimmune myocarditis","volume":"197","author":"Eriksson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"3 Pt 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S92","DOI":"10.1006\/clin.1996.0146","article-title":"The pathogenesis of postinfectious myocarditis","volume":"80","author":"Rose","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1089\/104303401750270940","article-title":"Cytokine gene therapy for myocarditis by in vivo electroporation","volume":"12","author":"Nakano","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum. Gene Ther."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1161\/circ.105.11.1278","article-title":"Local expression of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist by plasmid DNA improves mortality and decreases myocardial inflammation in experimental coxsackieviral myocarditis","volume":"105","author":"Lim","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000160348.75918.CA","article-title":"Effect of hydrodynamics-based gene delivery of plasmid DNA encoding interleukin-1 receptor antagonist-Ig for treatment of rat autoimmune myocarditis: possible mechanism for lymphocytes and noncardiac cells","volume":"111","author":"Liu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-019-0719-0","article-title":"Blocking the IL-1\u03b2 signalling pathway prevents chronic viral myocarditis and cardiac remodeling","volume":"114","author":"Kraft","year":"2019","journal-title":"Basic Res. Cardiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.072769","article-title":"Interleukin-1\u03b2 is crucial for the induction of coronary artery inflammation in a mouse model of Kawasaki disease","volume":"125","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13314","article-title":"IL-1 receptor antagonist, anakinra, prevents myocardial dysfunction in a mouse model of Kawasaki disease vasculitis and myocarditis","volume":"198","author":"Gorelik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63241-5","article-title":"Interferon-gamma protects against chronic viral myocarditis by reducing mast cell degranulation, fibrosis, and the profibrotic cytokines transforming growth factor-beta 1, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-4 in the heart","volume":"165","author":"Fairweather","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.63.6.658","article-title":"Overview of interleukin-18: more than an interferon-gamma inducing factor","volume":"63","author":"Dinarello","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4110\/in.2018.18.e33","article-title":"Direct antiviral mechanisms of interferon-gamma","volume":"18","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immune Netw."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.1999.0837","article-title":"Interleukin-18","volume":"19","author":"Dinarello","year":"1999","journal-title":"Methods."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.187.12.2103","article-title":"Murine macrophages secrete interferon gamma upon combined stimulation with interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-18: a novel pathway of autocrine macrophage activation","volume":"187","author":"Munder","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3759","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.8.3759","article-title":"Differential capacities of CD4+, CD8+, and CD4-CD8- T cell subsets to express IL-18 receptor and produce IFN-gamma in response to IL-18","volume":"160","author":"Tomura","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2014.00034","article-title":"Interleukin-18 as a therapeutic target in acute myocardial infarction and heart failure","volume":"20","author":"O\u2019Brien","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1025","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00795.2013","article-title":"Interleukin-18 mediates interleukin-1-induced cardiac dysfunction","volume":"306","author":"Toldo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2020.08.020","article-title":"Modulation of Interleukin-1 and -18 mediated injury in donation after circulatory death mouse hearts","volume":"257","author":"Quader","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3890","article-title":"Interleukin 18 function in atherosclerosis is mediated by the interleukin 18 receptor and the Na-cl co-transporter","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehx261","article-title":"IL-18 cleavage triggers cardiac inflammation and fibrosis upon \u03b2-adrenergic insult","volume":"39","author":"Xiao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.30008","article-title":"IL-18 and infections: is there a role for targeted therapies?","volume":"236","author":"Vecchi\u00e9","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1159\/000453185","article-title":"Analysis of the indicating value of cardiac troponin I, tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1, Interleukin-18, Mir-1 and Mir-146b for viral myocarditis among children","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.2000.1242","article-title":"Effect of interleukin-18 on viral myocarditis: enhancement of interferon- gamma and natural killer cell activity","volume":"32","author":"Kanda","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01368-w","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induces IL-18-mediated cardiopulmonary inflammation via reduced mitophagy","volume":"8","author":"Liang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s10238-013-0260-7","article-title":"Effect of hydrodynamics-based delivery of IL-18BP fusion gene on rat experimental autoimmune myocarditis","volume":"14","author":"Chang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1646","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.109.213157","article-title":"Interleukin-17A is dispensable for myocarditis but essential for the progression to dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"106","author":"Baldeviano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201545924","article-title":"Pathogenic IL-23 signaling is required to initiate GM-CSF-driven autoimmune myocarditis in mice","volume":"46","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0650","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 protects from exacerbated myocarditis and cardiac death by suppressing expansion of activated heart-reactive CD4+ T cells","author":"Rolski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.111.963769","article-title":"IL-33 independently induces eosinophilic pericarditis and cardiac dilation: ST2 improves cardiac function","volume":"5","author":"Abston","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ. Heart Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-014-0230-z","article-title":"IL-22-producing Th22 cells play a protective role in CVB3-induced chronic myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy by inhibiting myocardial fibrosis","volume":"11","author":"Guo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Virol. J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-014-0449-2","article-title":"Interleukin-6 receptor inhibition modulates the immune reaction and restores titin phosphorylation in experimental myocarditis","volume":"109","author":"Savvatis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Basic Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2016.12.010","article-title":"IL-33 enhances macrophage M2 polarization and protects mice from CVB3-induced viral myocarditis","volume":"103","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-20-0856","article-title":"A genetic mouse model recapitulates immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis and supports a mechanism-based therapeutic intervention","volume":"11","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1536\/jhj.41.41","article-title":"C-reactive protein as a prognostic marker in lymphocytic myocarditis","volume":"41","author":"Kaneko","year":"2000","journal-title":"Jpn. Heart J."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11237068","article-title":"A machine-learning model for the prognostic role of C-reactive protein in myocarditis","volume":"11","author":"Baritussio","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18101","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-97678-6","article-title":"Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio predict length of hospital stay in myocarditis","volume":"11","author":"Mirna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0335","article-title":"Abstract 16808: inflammasome formation in acute, subacute and chronic myocarditis. AHA Scientific Sessions 2023","author":"Toldo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bib817","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcm.2014.09.011","article-title":"Colchicine for pericarditis","volume":"25","author":"Imazio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bib816","article-title":"Tomat M","author":"Collini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Deferrari GM. Isola M, Imazio M. Efficacy and safety of colchicine for the treatment of myopericarditis. Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bib818","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(21)02790-X","article-title":"Myocarditis response to colchicine therapy based on cardiac MRI diagnostic criteria","volume":"77","author":"Behbahani-Nejad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of the American College of Cardiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bib819","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1741","DOI":"10.1017\/S1047951123000483","article-title":"Successful treatment of two cases of acute myocarditis with colchicine","volume":"33","author":"Kavgac\u0131","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiol Young"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bib820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-241047","article-title":"COVID-19 cardiac injury and the use of colchicine","volume":"14","author":"Anton-Vazquez","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bib821","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10020169","article-title":"Clinical Profiles and CMR Findings of Young Adults and Pediatrics with Acute Myocarditis Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination: A Case Series","volume":"10","author":"Manfredi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbspin.2010.09.014","article-title":"Adult-onset Still\u2019s disease with myocarditis successfully treated with the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist anakinra","volume":"78","author":"Raffeiner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Joint Bone Spine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0345","first-page":"623","article-title":"Anakinra for myocarditis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"40","author":"Movva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tex. Heart Inst. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.12.151","article-title":"Cardiac magnetic resonance in myocarditis from adult onset Still\u2019s disease successfully treated with anakinra","volume":"172","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.revmed.2013.06.014","article-title":"Myopericarditis as the presenting manifestation of adult Still\u2019s disease","volume":"35","author":"Oehler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Med. Interne"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.071","article-title":"Myocarditis in a young man with adult onset Still\u2019s disease successfully treated with Il-1 blocker","volume":"189","author":"Luconi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e751","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001654","article-title":"Treating life-threatening myocarditis by blocking interleukin-1","volume":"44","author":"Cavalli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00131","article-title":"Interleukin-1 receptor blockade rescues myocarditis-associated end-stage heart failure","volume":"8","author":"Cavalli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1080\/03009742.2017.1387672","article-title":"Early use of anakinra in adult-onset Still\u2019s disease myocarditis","volume":"47","author":"Piel-Julian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand. J. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006656","article-title":"Refractory adult-onset still disease complicated by macrophage activation syndrome and acute myocarditis: a case report treated with high doses (8mg\/kg\/d) of anakinra","volume":"96","author":"Parisi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.therap.2019.03.001","article-title":"Myocarditis in still disease treated successfully with anakinra","volume":"74","author":"Sayhi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Therapie."},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2019-eular.3067","article-title":"THU0570 efficacy and safety of anakinra in the treatment of autoimmune myocarditis","volume":"78","author":"De Luca","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e88","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa207","article-title":"Antiarrhythmic efficacy of anakinra in a young patient with autoimmune lymphocytic myocarditis","volume":"59","author":"Bello","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2020.10.003","article-title":"Rapid response to cytokine storm inhibition using Anakinra in a patient with COVID-19 myocarditis","volume":"3","author":"Trpkov","year":"2021","journal-title":"CJC Open."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2020.102541","article-title":"Cardiac involvement in adult-onset Still\u2019s disease: manifestations, treatments and outcomes in a retrospective study of 28 patients","volume":"116","author":"Bodard","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ytab357","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjcr\/ytab357","article-title":"Case report of cardiogenic shock in COVID-19 myocarditis: peculiarities on diagnosis, histology, and treatment","volume":"5","author":"Fiore","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Case Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0415","article-title":"Anakinra treats fulminant myocarditis from Neisseria meningitidis septicaemia and haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a case report","volume":"5","author":"Thomson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Case Rep."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0420","article-title":"Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in an adult with COVID-19-a trial of Anakinra: a case report","volume":"29","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Clin. Pract. (Baltim. Md.)"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-023-06648-y","article-title":"Fulminant myocarditis with adult-onset Still\u2019s disease: case-based review","volume":"42","author":"Ono","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-019-2028-5","article-title":"Kawasaki disease triggered by parvovirus infection: an atypical case report of two siblings","volume":"13","author":"Maggio","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Med. Case Rep."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0b013e31828df4d1","article-title":"Successful immunotherapy in life-threatening parvovirus B19 infection in a child","volume":"32","author":"Butin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0440","article-title":"Case report: life-threatening macrophage activation syndrome with fulminant myocarditis successfully rescued by high dose intravenous Anakinra","volume":"8","author":"Meneghel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.896252","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 associated pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome with a high prevalence of myocarditis \u2013 a multicenter evaluation of clinical and laboratory characteristics, treatment and outcome","volume":"10","author":"Thom","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1701","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1054-6","article-title":"Peripheral immunophenotypes in children with multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"26","author":"Carter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-237306","article-title":"Case of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children presenting as fever and abdominal pain","volume":"13","author":"Mahajan","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0460","article-title":"Bradycardia associated with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children with COVID-19: a case series","volume":"5","author":"Ciccarelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Case Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0465","first-page":"55","article-title":"Family transmission of COVID-19 including a child with MIS-C and acute pancreatitis","volume":"14","author":"Abbas","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Med. Case Rep. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0470","article-title":"Case report: use of Anakinra in multisystem inflammatory syndrome during COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"8","author":"Della Paolera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pediatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-022-01054-0","article-title":"Anakinra in pediatric acute fulminant myocarditis","volume":"12","author":"Maunier","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Intensive Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e032143","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.123.032143","article-title":"Cardiac involvement in patients with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults (MIS-A)","volume":"13","author":"La Vecchia","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.01.054","article-title":"Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adults (MIS-C\/A): case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data","volume":"39","author":"Vogel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vaccine."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2022-249889","article-title":"Cardiac complications from multisystem inflammatory syndrome associated with prior COVID-19 infection","volume":"15","author":"Patel","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.08.2099","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 acute myocarditis and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adult intensive and cardiac care units","volume":"159","author":"H\u00e9kimian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chest."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-021-02304-y","article-title":"Cardiogenic shock complicating multisystem inflammatory syndrome following COVID-19 infection: a case report","volume":"21","author":"Gurin","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc. Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1080\/03009742.2022.2140485","article-title":"Efficacy of interleukin-1 blockade with anakinra in the management of post-COVID-19 steroid-dependent multisystem inflammatory syndrome: a case report","volume":"52","author":"Rinaldi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scand. J. Rheumatol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(20)30127-2","article-title":"Interleukin-1 blockade with high-dose anakinra in patients with COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and hyperinflammation: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"2","author":"Cavalli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0515","first-page":"627","article-title":"In-perspective: the ARAMIS double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of anakinra for the treatment of acute myocarditis","volume":"12","author":"Morrow","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Acute Cardiovasc. Care"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2205667","article-title":"IL-1RA antibodies in myocarditis after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination","volume":"387","author":"Thurner","year":"2022","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(22)00064-9","article-title":"Autoantibodies against interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study","volume":"4","author":"Pfeifer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol."},{"issue":"2 Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2009.12.980","article-title":"Overview of the immune response","volume":"125","author":"Chaplin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol."},{"issue":"6467","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aav3487","article-title":"Microbiota-derived peptide mimics drive lethal inflammatory cardiomyopathy","volume":"366","author":"Gil-Cruz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Science."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00815-09","article-title":"First report of sudden death due to myocarditis caused by adenovirus serotype 3","volume":"48","author":"Treacy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Microbiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.10.1348","article-title":"Detection of adenoviral genome in the myocardium of adult patients with idiopathic left ventricular dysfunction","volume":"99","author":"Pauschinger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.303810","article-title":"Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes as an in vitro model for coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis and antiviral drug screening platform","volume":"115","author":"Sharma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9694","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202000667R","article-title":"Adenovirus targets transcriptional and posttranslational mechanisms to limit gap junction function","volume":"34","author":"Calhoun","year":"2020","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.86.12.1193","article-title":"Gap junctions in cardiovascular disease","volume":"86","author":"Jongsma","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.1999.0937","article-title":"Chamber-related differences in connexin expression in the human heart","volume":"31","author":"Vozzi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI39740","article-title":"Limited forward trafficking of connexin 43 reduces cell-cell coupling in stressed human and mouse myocardium","volume":"120","author":"Smyth","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"7477","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12640","article-title":"Cell intrinsic immunity spreads to bystander cells via the intercellular transfer of cGAMP","volume":"503","author":"Ablasser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nature."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6745","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.68.10.6745-6750.1994","article-title":"Feline immunodeficiency virus decreases cell-cell communication and mitochondrial membrane potential","volume":"68","author":"Danave","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-81-3-689","article-title":"Binding of bovine papillomavirus type 4 E8 to ductin (16K proteolipid), down-regulation of gap junction intercellular communication and full cell transformation are independent events","volume":"81","author":"Ashrafi","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Gen. Virol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2006.11.006","article-title":"Herpes simplex virus-type 2 infectivity and agents that block gap junctional intercellular communication","volume":"124","author":"Knabb","year":"2007","journal-title":"Virus Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0600","first-page":"1754","article-title":"Phosphorylation of connexin43 gap junction protein in uninfected and Rous sarcoma virus-transformed mammalian fibroblasts","volume":"10","author":"Crow","year":"1990","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5243","DOI":"10.3390\/v7102871","article-title":"HPV16 E6 controls the gap junction protein Cx43 in cervical tumour cells","volume":"7","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"Viruses."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.149.7.1503","article-title":"Phosphorylation of connexin43 on serine368 by protein kinase C regulates gap junctional communication","volume":"149","author":"Lampe","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000227572.45891.2c","article-title":"Selectivity of connexin 43 channels is regulated through protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation","volume":"98","author":"Ek-Vitorin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3537","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.13631","article-title":"Up-regulated Cx43 phosphorylation at Ser368 prolongs QRS duration in myocarditis","volume":"22","author":"Zhong","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02077-14","article-title":"Proinflammatory effects of interferon gamma in mouse adenovirus 1 myocarditis","volume":"89","author":"McCarthy","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00569-19","article-title":"Age-dependent effects of immunoproteasome deficiency on mouse adenovirus type 1 pathogenesis","volume":"93","author":"Chandrasekaran","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5749","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02281-08","article-title":"A novel cardiotropic murine adenovirus representing a distinct species of mastadenoviruses","volume":"83","author":"Klempa","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.122.322437","article-title":"Acute Adenoviral Infection Elicits an Arrhythmogenic Substrate Prior to Myocarditis","author":"Padget","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2311","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201142209","article-title":"Cooperation of Th1 and Th17 cells determines transition from autoimmune myocarditis to dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"42","author":"Nindl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4396351","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4396351","article-title":"Regulatory role of CD4(+) T cells in myocarditis","volume":"2018","author":"Vdovenko","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.152.1.343","article-title":"Induction of multiple heart autoantibodies in mice with coxsackievirus B3- and cardiac myosin-induced autoimmune myocarditis","volume":"152","author":"Neumann","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199508033330501","article-title":"A clinical trial of immunosuppressive therapy for myocarditis. The myocarditis treatment trial investigators","volume":"333","author":"Mason","year":"1995","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0790","first-page":"S29","article-title":"Immunosuppressive treatment in autoreactive myocarditis \u2013 results from a controlled trial","volume":"70","author":"Maisch","year":"1994","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med. J."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2254","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.18.2254","article-title":"Controlled trial of intravenous immune globulin in recent-onset dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"103","author":"McNamara","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000048147.15962.31","article-title":"Immunosuppressive therapy for active lymphocytic myocarditis: virological and immunologic profile of responders versus nonresponders","volume":"107","author":"Frustaci","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(03)00002-0","article-title":"Treatment of acute inflammatory cardiomyopathy with intravenous immunoglobulin ameliorates left ventricular function associated with suppression of inflammatory cytokines and decreased oxidative stress","volume":"91","author":"Kishimoto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehp249","article-title":"Randomized study on the efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with virus-negative inflammatory cardiomyopathy: the TIMIC study","volume":"30","author":"Frustaci","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2019.102330","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in patients with virus-negative lymphocytic myocarditis: a prospective cohort study","volume":"106","author":"De Luca","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12154913","article-title":"Comparative efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil and azathioprine in combination with corticosteroids in the treatment of lymphocytic myocarditis","volume":"12","author":"Blagova","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3463","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac348","article-title":"Immunosuppressive therapy in virus-negative inflammatory cardiomyopathy: 20-year follow-up of the TIMIC trial","volume":"43","author":"Chimenti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0695","article-title":"Corticosteroids for viral myocarditis","volume":"2013","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.104.1.39","article-title":"Randomized, placebo-controlled study for immunosuppressive treatment of inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy: two-year follow-up results","volume":"104","author":"Wojnicz","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0705","article-title":"Targeting CD20+ B-lymphocytes in inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy with rituximab improves clinical course: a case series","volume":"3","author":"Tsch\u00f6pe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Case Rep."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12124010","article-title":"Interleukin-17A-correlated myocarditis in patients with psoriasis: cardiac recovery following secukinumab administration","volume":"12","author":"Frustaci","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0715","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 inhibitors and other biologic agents for the treatment of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced myocarditis","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v14.i7.382","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine-associated myocarditis","volume":"14","author":"Morgan","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.123.321878","article-title":"COVID-19, myocarditis and pericarditis","volume":"132","author":"Fairweather","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2016.00007","article-title":"Cannabidiol limits T cell-mediated chronic autoimmune myocarditis: implications to autoimmune disorders and organ transplantation","volume":"22","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Med."},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.055610","article-title":"Circulating c-met-expressing memory T cells define cardiac autoimmunity","volume":"146","author":"Fanti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3586","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201141879","article-title":"HMGB1 blockade attenuates experimental autoimmune myocarditis and suppresses Th17-cell expansion","volume":"41","author":"Su","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.85851","article-title":"Cardiac myosin-Th17 responses promote heart failure in human myocarditis","volume":"1","author":"Myers","year":"2016","journal-title":"JCI Insight."},{"issue":"23\u201324","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0755","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2010.08.013","article-title":"The Th17\/Treg imbalance exists in patients with heart failure with normal ejection fraction and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction","volume":"411","author":"Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2018.00198","article-title":"Adaptive immune responses contribute to post-ischemic cardiac remodeling","volume":"5","author":"Santos-Zas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.116.304072","article-title":"Role of lymphocytes in myocardial injury, healing, and remodeling after myocardial infarction","volume":"116","author":"Hofmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901_bb0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.122.322183","article-title":"Myocardial milieu favors local differentiation of regulatory T cells","volume":"132","author":"Delgobo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circ. Res."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527324003474?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527324003474?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T23:19:55Z","timestamp":1778627995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167527324003474"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"references-count":168,"alternative-id":["S0167527324003474"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-5273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-5273","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Innate and adaptive immunity in acute myocarditis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2024.131901","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"131901"}}