{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,4]],"date-time":"2025-09-04T14:01:08Z","timestamp":1756994468667,"version":"3.41.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","internationaljournalofcardiology.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.133449","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T15:47:33Z","timestamp":1748533653000},"page":"133449","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) and risk of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in patients with ischemic stroke: An analysis using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"436","author":[{"given":"Kay-Chun","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Wen","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Hone","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang-Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei-Chuan","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.133449_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e137","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000207387","article-title":"Global burden, risk factor analysis, and prediction study of ischemic stroke, 1990-2030","volume":"101","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"20 Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.133449_bb0010","first-page":"S6","article-title":"Global epidemiology of stroke and access to acute ischemic stroke interventions","volume":"97","author":"Saini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.133449_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom14030305","article-title":"Understanding the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke: the basis of current therapies and opportunity for new ones","volume":"14","author":"Salaudeen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.133449_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000001009","article-title":"Anticoagulation after stroke: persistent uncertainties","volume":"35","author":"Siepen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.133449_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.2147\/TCRM.S84210","article-title":"New oral anticoagulants: their advantages and disadvantages compared with vitamin K antagonists in the prevention and treatment of patients with thromboembolic events","volume":"11","author":"Mekaj","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ther. Clin. Risk Manag."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.133449_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12959-021-00259-w","article-title":"Warfarin versus direct oral anticoagulants for treating left ventricular thrombus: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Dalia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thromb. J."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.133449_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1080\/17425255.2023.2287472","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of direct oral anticoagulants","volume":"19","author":"Hindley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.133449_bb0040","first-page":"531","article-title":"Choosing non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants: practical considerations we need to know","volume":"16","author":"Amin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ochsner J."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.133449_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-017-1098-x","article-title":"Comparative risk of major bleeding with new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) and phenprocoumon in patients with atrial fibrillation: a post-marketing surveillance study","volume":"106","author":"Hohnloser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Res. Cardiol."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.133449_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.13883","article-title":"Association between use of non-vitamin K Oral anticoagulants with and without concurrent medications and risk of major bleeding in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation","volume":"318","author":"Chang","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.133449_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-020-02319-w","article-title":"Bleeding risk in patients with venous thromboembolic events treated with new oral anticoagulants","volume":"52","author":"Wallvik","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Thrombolysis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.133449_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-042024","article-title":"Critical appraisal and issues regarding generalisability of comparative effectiveness studies of NOACs in atrial fibrillation and their relation to clinical trial data: a systematic review","volume":"11","author":"Bunge","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.133449_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061618","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1061618","article-title":"Management of oral anticoagulant therapy after intracranial hemorrhage in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"10","author":"Luca","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.133449_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjqcco\/qcab076","article-title":"Stroke prevention with direct oral anticoagulants in high-risk elderly atrial fibrillation patients at increased bleeding risk","volume":"8","author":"Chao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Qual. Care Clin. Outcomes"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.133449_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/17571472.2010.11493315","article-title":"An overview of the healthcare system in Taiwan","volume":"3","author":"Wu","year":"2010","journal-title":"London J. Prim. Care (Abingdon)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.133449_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S196293","article-title":"Taiwan\u2019s National Health Insurance Research Database: past and future","volume":"11","author":"Hsieh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.133449_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2023.6160","article-title":"Risk of bleeding following non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant use in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with alteplase","volume":"184","author":"Tsai","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.133449_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0283478","article-title":"Adherence and clinical outcomes for twice-daily versus once-daily dosing of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation: is dosing frequency important?","volume":"18","author":"Hwang","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.133449_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.23647","article-title":"Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants versus vitamin K antagonists in atrial fibrillation patients with previous stroke or intracranial hemorrhage: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"44","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.133449_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9838","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-60660-z","article-title":"Outcomes of non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants for secondary prevention in ischemic stroke with atrial fibrillation","volume":"14","author":"Nam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.133449_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.060666","article-title":"Early versus delayed non-vitamin K antagonist Oral anticoagulant therapy after acute ischemic stroke in atrial fibrillation (TIMING): a registry-based randomized controlled noninferiority study","volume":"146","author":"Oldgren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.133449_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-024-03338-7","article-title":"The optimal antithrombotic strategy for post-stroke patients with atrial fibrillation and extracranial artery stenosis-a nationwide cohort study","volume":"22","author":"Tsai","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.133449_bb0115","article-title":"Association between antithrombotic drug regimen changes and clinical outcomes after stroke in atrial fibrillation","author":"Liao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.133449_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1177\/1747493017700663","article-title":"Nonvitamin-K-antagonist oral anticoagulants versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation and previous stroke or transient ischemic attack: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"12","author":"Ntaios","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Stroke"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.133449_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.120.006515","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness and safety of Oral anticoagulants across kidney function in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"13","author":"Yao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcomes"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.133449_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2018.06.018","article-title":"Influence of renal function on the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, and safety of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants","volume":"93","author":"Weir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.133449_bb0135","first-page":"279","article-title":"Safety of switching from a vitamin K antagonist to a non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant in frail older patients with atrial fibrillation: results of the FRAIL-AF randomized controlled trial","volume":"149","author":"Joosten","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527325004929?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527325004929?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T12:51:18Z","timestamp":1749473478000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167527325004929"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":27,"alternative-id":["S0167527325004929"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.133449","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-5273"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0167-5273"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) and risk of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in patients with ischemic stroke: An analysis using Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.133449","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"133449"}}