{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T21:45:44Z","timestamp":1785188744128,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,31]],"date-time":"2026-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1798675200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":305,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIH R01 HL146144-01A1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIH R01 HL146144-01A1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL140498"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL140498"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","internationaljournalofcardiology.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T07:58:58Z","timestamp":1766563138000},"page":"134117","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Role of endothelial shear stress metrics in the development and eruption of coronary calcified nodules"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"447","author":[{"given":"Diaa","family":"Hakim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Koo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmet U.","family":"Coskun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Cefalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Croce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter H.","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.10.065","article-title":"Pathology of the vulnerable plaque","volume":"47","author":"Virmani","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2011.07.014","article-title":"Histopathologic validation of the intravascular ultrasound diagnosis of calcified coronary artery nodules","volume":"108","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJ-D-19-01120","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of calcified nodules detected by optical coherence tomography: a sub-analysis of the CLIMA study","volume":"16","author":"Prati","year":"2020","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1159\/000481931","article-title":"Features and outcomes of patients with calcified nodules at culprit lesions of acute coronary syndrome: an optical coherence tomography study","volume":"139","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.63667","article-title":"Clinical outcomes and unique restenosis of calcified nodule in heavily calcified coronary artery","volume":"30","author":"Jinnouchi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Atheroscler. Thromb."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0030","first-page":"10","article-title":"Clinical impact of calcified nodule in patients with heavily calcified lesions requiring rotational atherectomy","volume":"97","author":"Morofuji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Catheter. Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6456695","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/6456695","volume":"2023","author":"Pengchata","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Interv. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2020.11.005","article-title":"Cardiac outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome attributable to calcified nodule","volume":"318","author":"Sugane","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(96)90256-2","article-title":"Intravascular ultrasound identification of calcified intraluminal lesions misdiagnosed as thrombi by coronary angiography","volume":"132","author":"Duissaillant","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2024.03.032","article-title":"Calcified nodule in percutaneous coronary intervention","volume":"17","author":"Shin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Intv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2023.05.013","article-title":"The role of endothelial shear stress, shear stress gradient, and plaque topography in plaque erosion","volume":"376","author":"Hakim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.096438","article-title":"Prediction of progression of coronary artery disease and clinical outcomes using vascular profiling of endothelial shear stress and arterial plaque characteristics: the PREDICTION study","volume":"126","author":"Stone","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000080882.35274.AD","article-title":"Effect of endothelial shear stress on the progression of coronary artery disease, vascular remodeling, and in-stent restenosis in humans: in vivo 6-month follow-up study","volume":"108","author":"Stone","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvs217","article-title":"Endothelial shear stress in the evolution of coronary atherosclerotic plaque and vascular remodelling: current understanding and remaining questions","volume":"96","author":"Wentzel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.09.079","article-title":"Consensus standards for acquisition, measurement, and reporting of intravascular optical coherence tomography studies: a report from the international working Group for Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography Standardization and Validation","volume":"59","author":"Tearney","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.115.003929","article-title":"Coronary calcification and plaque vulnerability: an optical coherence tomographic study","volume":"9","author":"Ong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3421","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz551","article-title":"Expert recommendations on the assessment of wall shear stress in human coronary arteries: existing methodologies, technical considerations, and clinical applications","volume":"40","author":"Gijsen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1177\/1074248414555005","article-title":"How do we prevent the vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque from rupturing? Insights from in vivo assessments of plaque, vascular remodeling, and local endothelial shear stress","volume":"20","author":"Andreou","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1974","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa251","article-title":"High spatial endothelial shear stress gradient independently predicts site of acute coronary plaque rupture and erosion","volume":"117","author":"Thondapu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.4244\/EIJV7I1A20","article-title":"High shear stress induces a strain increase in human coronary plaques over a 6-month period","volume":"7","author":"Gijsen","year":"2011","journal-title":"EuroIntervention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.021824","article-title":"Coronary artery wall shear stress is associated with progression and transformation of atherosclerotic plaque and arterial remodeling in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"124","author":"Samady","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2018.07.004","article-title":"Low Coronary Wall shear stress is associated with severe endothelial dysfunction in patients with nonobstructive coronary artery disease","volume":"11","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Interv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2019.00081","article-title":"A microfluidic system for studying the effects of disturbed flow on endothelial cells","volume":"7","author":"Tovar-Lopez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering7030088","article-title":"Mechanisms of the osteogenic switch of smooth muscle cells in vascular calcification: WNT signaling, BMPs, Mechanotransduction, and EndMT","volume":"7","author":"Tyson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioengineering (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.03.076","article-title":"GPR68 senses flow and is essential for vascular physiology","volume":"173","author":"Xu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12980","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1902165116","article-title":"Endothelial cell Piezo1 mediates pressure-induced lung vascular hyperpermeability via disruption of adherens junctions","volume":"116","author":"Friedrich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2851","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22062851","article-title":"Regulation of osteoblast differentiation by cytokine networks","volume":"22","author":"Amarasekara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.895005","article-title":"Role of endothelial cells in vascular calcification","volume":"9","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Cardiovasc. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.117.310694","article-title":"Flow perturbation mediates neutrophil recruitment and potentiates endothelial injury via TLR2 in mice: implications for superficial Erosion","volume":"121","author":"Franck","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv044","article-title":"TLR2 and neutrophils potentiate endothelial stress, apoptosis and detachment: implications for superficial erosion","volume":"36","author":"Quillard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0155","first-page":"C854","article-title":"Differential gene expression by endothelial cells under positive and negative streamwise gradients of high wall shear stress","volume":"305","author":"Dolan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys. Cell Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2853","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00244.2007","article-title":"Individual and combined effects of shear stress magnitude and spatial gradient on endothelial cell gene expression","volume":"293","author":"LaMack","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmg.2014.07.027","article-title":"Macrophages and intravascular OCT bright spots: a quantitative study","volume":"8","author":"Phipps","year":"2015","journal-title":"JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2010.04.002","article-title":"Effect of spatial gradient in fluid shear stress on morphological changes in endothelial cells in response to flow","volume":"395","author":"Sakamoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.12.11.1254","article-title":"Vascular endothelium responds to fluid shear stress gradients","volume":"12","author":"DePaola","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.19.8.1825","article-title":"Vascular endothelial cells respond to spatial gradients in fluid shear stress by enhanced activation of transcription factors","volume":"19","author":"Nagel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H469","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2000.278.2.H469","article-title":"Spatial variations in endothelial barrier function in disturbed flows in vitro","volume":"278","author":"Phelps","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016752732501160X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016752732501160X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:14:12Z","timestamp":1777500852000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S016752732501160X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S016752732501160X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-5273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-5273","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Role of endothelial shear stress metrics in the development and eruption of coronary calcified nodules","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134117","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"134117"}}