{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T20:34:38Z","timestamp":1790886878184,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008364","name":"Tandl\u00e6geforeningen","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["100"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["100"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008364","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF18CC0034900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF18CC0034900"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Fonden","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NNF23SA0084103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NNF23SA0084103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","internationaljournalofcardiology.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T15:21:33Z","timestamp":1767280893000},"page":"134151","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Childhood oral health is associated with the incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in adulthood"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"448","author":[{"given":"Nikoline","family":"Nygaard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"D'Aiuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Kirstine","family":"Eriksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anja","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelina","family":"Stankevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"\u00c4ngquist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torben","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Belstr\u00f8m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merete","family":"Markvart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.04.052","article-title":"Global, regional, and National Burden of cardiovascular diseases for 10 causes, 1990 to 2015","volume":"70","author":"Roth","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.016021","article-title":"Estimates of global and regional premature cardiovascular mortality in 2025","volume":"132","author":"Roth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.18148","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk factors in childhood and adulthood and cardiovascular disease in middle age","volume":"7","author":"Kartiosuo","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12772","article-title":"Is childhood oral health the \u2018canary in the coal mine\u2019 for poor adult general health? Findings from two New Zealand birth cohort studies","volume":"51","author":"Ruiz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0025","author":"World Health Organization"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0030","unstructured":"Center for Disease Control. CDC. 2024 [Cited 2025 July 2]. Health Disparities in Oral Health. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/oral-health\/health-equity\/index.html."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03199-1","article-title":"The national child odontology registry (SCOR): a valuable resource for odontological and public health research","volume":"23","author":"Nygaard","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1696","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2003.74.11.1696","article-title":"Periodontal diseases of children and adolescents","volume":"74","author":"Research, Science and Therapy Committee of the American Academy of Periodontology","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.17-0163","article-title":"Non\u2013plaque-induced gingival diseases","volume":"89","author":"Holmstrup","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8875612","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8875612","article-title":"Focal infection and periodontitis: a narrative report and new possible approaches","volume":"2020","author":"Rocca","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Microbiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-022-00825-3","article-title":"The oral microbiome in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease","volume":"20","author":"Tonelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.915081","article-title":"The roles of neutrophils linking periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases","volume":"13","author":"Irwandi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5334\/gh.400","article-title":"Periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases","volume":"15","author":"Sanz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Consensus Report. Glob Heart."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.2523","article-title":"Association of childhood oral infections with cardiovascular risk factors and subclinical atherosclerosis in adulthood","volume":"2","author":"Pussinen","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2017.09.029","article-title":"Oral health status and longitudinal cardiometabolic risk in a national sample of young adults","volume":"148","author":"Oreskovic","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Dent. Assoc."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1967.38.6.610","article-title":"The gingival index, the plaque index and the retention index systems","volume":"38","author":"L\u00f6e","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. Periodontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0085","author":"Gerds"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0090","author":"Thernau"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v038.i02","article-title":"Analyzing competing risk data using the R timereg package","volume":"38","author":"Scheike","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0100","author":"Holst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-024-02437-4","article-title":"A Nationwide registry-based cohort study of the association between childhood dental caries and gingivitis with type 2 diabetes in adulthood","volume":"62","author":"Nygaard","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3866","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2020.02.47","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk of smoking and benefits of smoking cessation","volume":"12","author":"Gallucci","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Dis."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacadv.2025.102108","article-title":"Sex differences in cardiovascular health status and long-term outcomes in a primary prevention cohort","volume":"4","author":"Sud","year":"2025","journal-title":"JACC Adv."},{"issue":"04","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4172\/2332-0702.1000138","article-title":"Oral health disparities and unmet dental needs among preschool children in Chelsea, Massachusetts: exploring mechanisms, defining solutions","volume":"02","author":"Laila Dantas","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Oral Hyg. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00511","article-title":"The Nexus between periodontal inflammation and dysbiosis","volume":"11","author":"Van Dyke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2372861","DOI":"10.1080\/20002297.2024.2372861","article-title":"Supragingival microbiota, cytokines, and proteins in individuals with different trajectories in experimental gingivitis","volume":"16","author":"Lundtorp-Olsen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Oral Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0135","series-title":"Periodontitis","first-page":"261","article-title":"Cardiovascular diseases and periodontitis","author":"Hansen","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-03918-2","article-title":"Co-occurrence of dental caries and periodontitis: multilevel modelling approach","volume":"24","author":"Stangvaltaite-Mouhat","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0145","series-title":"Essentials of Dental Caries","first-page":"196","author":"Kidd","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10491","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-47029-3","article-title":"Severity of dental caries and risk of coronary heart disease in middle-aged men and women: a population-based cohort study of Korean adults, 2002\u20132013","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2016.00053","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis: an overview of periodontopathic pathogen below the gum line","volume":"7","author":"How","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10123","DOI":"10.3402\/jom.v4i0.10123","article-title":"Porphyromonas endodontalis in chronic periodontitis: a clinical and microbiological cross-sectional study","volume":"4","author":"Lombardo Bedran","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Oral Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2773","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-10630-1","article-title":"Genome-wide analysis of dental caries and periodontitis combining clinical and self-reported data","volume":"10","author":"Shungin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910308200507","article-title":"Toothbrushing as part of the adolescent lifestyle predicts education level","volume":"82","author":"Koivusilta","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0175","series-title":"Oral Health in America: Advances and Challenges","article-title":"Oral health across the lifespan: Children","author":"National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research","year":"2021"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/jphd.12661","article-title":"Long-term impact of childhood dental attendance on perceived adult oral health: the British cohort study","volume":"85","author":"Mohd Khairuddin","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Public Health Dent."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-012832","article-title":"Positive predictive value of cardiovascular diagnoses in the Danish National Patient Registry: a validation study","volume":"6","author":"Sundb\u00f8ll","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527325011945?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527325011945?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:14:33Z","timestamp":1777500873000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167527325011945"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["S0167527325011945"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-5273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-5273","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Childhood oral health is associated with the incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in adulthood","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2025.134151","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"134151"}}