{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T07:34:48Z","timestamp":1793604888660,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,1]],"date-time":"2023-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1701388800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,20]],"date-time":"2023-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T20:10:42Z","timestamp":1697055042000},"page":"200217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"special_numbering":"C","title":["PM2.5 and cardiovascular diseases: State-of-the-Art review"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"19","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9808-5748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chayakrit","family":"Krittanawong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuf Kamran","family":"Qadeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard B.","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George D.","family":"Thurston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Salim","family":"Virani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl J.","family":"Lavie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib1","unstructured":"California Air Resources Board. \u201cInhalable Particulate Matter and Health (PM2.5 and PM10) | California Air Resources Board.\u201d Ca.gov, California Air Resources Board, ww2.arb.ca.gov\/resources\/inhalable-particulate-matter-and-health. Accessed 8 September. 2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1161\/hc0402.104118","article-title":"Passage of inhaled particles into the blood circulation in humans","volume":"105","author":"Nemmar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.9.2101036","article-title":"Passage of intratracheally instilled ultrafine particles from the lung into the systemic circulation in hamster","volume":"164","author":"Nemmar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(95)90173-6","article-title":"Particulate air pollution and acute health effects","volume":"345","author":"Seaton","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2011.04280.x","article-title":"Factor XII activation is essential to sustain the procoagulant effects of particulate matter","volume":"9","author":"Kilin\u00e7","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Thromb. Haemostasis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1002\/tox.23309","article-title":"PM2.5 induces endothelial dysfunction via activating NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"36","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1515\/reveh-2017-0025","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction: a key player in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases linked to air pollution","volume":"33","author":"Boovarahan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-10-18","article-title":"Effects of airborne pollutants on mitochondrial DNA Methylation","volume":"10","author":"Byun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kft102","article-title":"Mitochondria as a target of environmental toxicants","volume":"134","author":"Meyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-8977-8-20","article-title":"Ambient particulate air pollution induces oxidative stress and alterations of mitochondria and gene expression in brown and white adipose tissues","volume":"8","author":"Xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Part. Fibre Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2019.101255","article-title":"Mitochondria as central hub of the immune system","volume":"26","author":"Breda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20081386","article-title":"How mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species","volume":"417","author":"Murphy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.164.5.2010160","article-title":"Cytokines involved in the systemic inflammatory response induced by exposure to particulate matter air pollutants (PM10)","volume":"164","author":"van Eeden","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh109","article-title":"Association of higher levels of ambient criteria pollutants with impaired cardiac autonomic control: a population-based study","volume":"159","author":"Liao","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib15","article-title":"TGF-\u03b2-Containing small extracellular vesicles from pm2.5-activated macrophages induces cardiotoxicity","volume":"9","author":"Hu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2022.119827","article-title":"The underlying mechanism of PM2.5-induced ischemic stroke","volume":"310","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31268","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-021-12865-2","article-title":"Association between ambient particulate matter exposure and platelet counts in adults: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"28","author":"Hehua","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.140182","article-title":"Associations of long-term exposure to air pollutants, physical activity and platelet traits of cardiovascular risk in a rural Chinese population","volume":"738","author":"Hou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2018.11.114","article-title":"Identification of mRNA-miRNA crosstalk in human endothelial cells after exposure of PM2.5 through integrative transcriptome analysis","volume":"169","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib20","article-title":"An air particulate pollutant induces neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in human brain models","volume":"8","author":"Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Sci."},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3543","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy481","article-title":"Effects of gaseous and solid constituents of air pollution on endothelial function","volume":"39","author":"M\u00fcnzel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4440","DOI":"10.1021\/cr500487s","article-title":"Multiphase chemistry at the atmosphere-biosphere interface influencing climate and public health in the anthropocene","volume":"115","author":"P\u00f6schl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07218","article-title":"Associations of short-term and long-term exposure to ambient air pollutants with hypertension","volume":"68","author":"Cai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2018.01.001","article-title":"Global association between ambient air pollution and blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"235","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000000342","article-title":"Effect of exposure to PM2.5 on blood pressure","volume":"32","author":"Liang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2331","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3181dbece1","volume":"121","author":"Brook","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2909","article-title":"Characterization of the components of urban particulate matter mediating impairment of nitric oxide-dependent relaxation in intrapulmonary arteries","volume":"34","author":"Courtois","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Appl. Toxicol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370701864797","article-title":"Systemic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and activation in clinically healthy children exposed to air pollutants","volume":"20","author":"Calder\u00f3n-Garcidue\u00f1as","year":"2008","journal-title":"Inhal. Toxicol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.108.176107","article-title":"Vehicular emissions induce vascular MMP-9 expression and activity associated with endothelin-1-mediated pathways","volume":"29","author":"Lund","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.12631","article-title":"Association between particulate matter 2.5 and diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"8","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Diabetes Investig"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2087","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-12112-w","article-title":"PM2.5 exposure as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Mexico City metropolitan area","volume":"21","author":"Chilian-Herrera","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Publ. Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s11892-015-0603-8","article-title":"Ambient air pollution: an emerging risk factor for diabetes mellitus","volume":"15","author":"Rao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Diabetes Rep."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2518","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.110.215350","article-title":"Effect of early particulate air pollution exposure on obesity in mice: role of p47phox","volume":"30","author":"Xu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3182949ce5","article-title":"Does ambient air pollution trigger stillbirth?","volume":"24","author":"Faiz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106454","article-title":"Association of long-term exposure to PM2.5 with blood lipids in the Chinese population: findings from a longitudinal quasi-experiment","volume":"151","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2018.11.001","article-title":"Association of long-term PM2.5 exposure with traditional and novel lipid measures related to cardiovascular disease risk","volume":"122","author":"McGuinn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2019.105444","article-title":"PM2.5-induced inflammation and lipidome alteration associated with the development of atherosclerosis based on a targeted lipidomic analysis","volume":"136","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116193","article-title":"Lipid metabolic adaption to long-term ambient PM2.5 exposure in mice","volume":"269","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-8262-3","article-title":"Association between PM2.5 and risk of hospitalization for myocardial infarction: a systematic review and a meta-analysis","volume":"20","author":"Farhadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Publ. Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1205284","article-title":"Long-term exposure to PM2.5 and incidence of acute myocardial infarction","volume":"121","author":"Madrigano","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.019758","article-title":"Particulate air pollution and risk of cardiovascular events among adults with a history of stroke or acute myocardial infarction","volume":"10","author":"Liao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.11760","article-title":"Association of fine particulate matter and risk of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"3","author":"Rhinehart","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1097\/EDE.0b013e3182126580","article-title":"Investigators of the Registry of Canadian Stroke Network. Fine particulate air pollution (PM2.5) and the risk of acute ischemic stroke","volume":"22","author":"O'Donnell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2019.108587","article-title":"Long-term exposure to PM2.5 and stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies","volume":"177","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112063","article-title":"Long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 and stroke mortality among urban residents in northern China","volume":"213","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"issue":"9897","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60898-3","article-title":"Global association of air pollution and heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"382","author":"Shah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2017.11.039","article-title":"Effect of ambient air pollution on hospitalization for heart failure in 26 of China's largest cities","volume":"121","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa1031","article-title":"Joint exposure to various ambient air pollutants and incident heart failure: a prospective analysis in UK Biobank","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.162191","article-title":"Air pollution exposure and heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"872","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-019-0554-7","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation hospitalization is associated with exposure to fine particulate air pollutants","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.147106","article-title":"The relationship between exposure to PM2.5 and atrial fibrillation in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"784","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6017","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17176017","article-title":"Daily exposure to air pollution particulate matter is associated with atrial fibrillation in high-risk patients","volume":"17","author":"Gallo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.122.026370","article-title":"Acute impact of fine particulate air pollution on cardiac arrhythmias in a population-based sample of adolescents: the Penn state Child cohort","volume":"11","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu458","article-title":"ESC working group on thrombosis, European association for cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation; ESC heart failure association. Expert position paper on air pollution and cardiovascular disease","volume":"36","author":"Newby","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"9859","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61766-8","article-title":"A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"380","author":"Lim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2014.06.029","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the adverse health effects of ambient PM2.5 and PM10 pollution in the Chinese population","volume":"136","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1104049","article-title":"Risk of nonaccidental and cardiovascular mortality in relation to long-term exposure to low concentrations of fine particulate matter: a Canadian national-level cohort study","volume":"120","author":"Crouse","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.08.037","article-title":"Associations between fine particulate matter and mortality in the 2001 Canadian census health and environment cohort","volume":"159","author":"Pinault","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-010-0122-7","article-title":"Particulate matter air pollution and atherosclerosis","volume":"12","author":"Brook","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Atherosclerosis Rep."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202111-2657OC","article-title":"Coarse particulate air pollution and daily mortality: a global study in 205 cities","volume":"206","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.1509777","article-title":"Ischemic heart disease mortality and long-term exposure to source-related components of U.S. Fine particle air pollution","volume":"124","author":"Thurston","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2021.106988","article-title":"The impact of Long-Term PM2.5 constituents and their sources on specific causes of death in a US Medicare cohort","volume":"159","author":"Kazemiparkouhi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP9449","article-title":"Association of sulfur, transition metals, and the oxidative potential of outdoor PM2.5 with acute cardiovascular events: a case-crossover study of Canadian adults","volume":"129","author":"Weichenthal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Health Perspect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib64","article-title":"Impact of ambient ultrafine particles on cause-specific mortality in three German cities [published online ahead of print, 2023 mar 6]","author":"Schwarz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107519","article-title":"Association of short-term exposure to ambient PM1 with total and cause-specific cardiovascular disease mortality","volume":"169","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02056-2019","article-title":"Personal strategies to minimise effects of air pollution on respiratory health: advice for providers, patients and the public","volume":"55","author":"Carlsten","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194364","article-title":"Exposure to air pollution and self-reported effects on Chinese students: a case study of 13 megacities","volume":"13","author":"Rajper","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2017-104765","article-title":"Effectiveness of face masks used to protect Beijing residents against particulate air pollution","volume":"75","author":"Cherrie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2014.08.037","article-title":"A review of fundamental drivers governing the emissions, dispersion and exposure to vehicle-emitted nanoparticles at signalised traffic intersections","volume":"97","author":"Goel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1038\/jes.2012.85","article-title":"The impact of traffic volume, composition, and road geometry on personal air pollution exposures among cyclists in Montreal, Canada","volume":"23","author":"Hatzopoulou","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18412","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-018-2045-8","article-title":"Variations in individuals' exposure to black carbon particles during their daily activities: a screening study in Brazil","volume":"25","author":"Carvalho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. Int."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772487523000508?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772487523000508?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,9]],"date-time":"2025-09-09T10:58:28Z","timestamp":1757415508000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2772487523000508"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"references-count":71,"alternative-id":["S2772487523000508"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-4875"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2772-4875","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"PM2.5 and cardiovascular diseases: State-of-the-Art review","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2023.200217","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"200217"}}