{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T13:19:48Z","timestamp":1789478388742,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773187200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T16:05:36Z","timestamp":1773677136000},"page":"200621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Trends and future projections of the disease burden of pulmonary arterial Hypertension\u2013related heart failure in China and G20 countries: Based on the global burden of disease 2023 database"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Peixun","family":"He","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xueyong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7378-1851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weinan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvad108","article-title":"Pathophysiology of the right ventricle in health and disease: an update","volume":"119","author":"Tello","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00030.2021","article-title":"Pathophysiology and pathogenic mechanisms of pulmonary hypertension: role of membrane receptors, ion channels, and Ca2+ signaling","volume":"103","author":"Balistrieri","year":"2023","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/pul2.12137","article-title":"The evolution of survival of pulmonary arterial hypertension over 15 years","volume":"12","author":"Hendriks","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pulm. Circ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.121.024969","article-title":"Mortality in pulmonary arterial hypertension in the modern era: early insights from the pulmonary hypertension association registry","volume":"11","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.03.047","article-title":"Challenges and special aspects of pulmonary hypertension in Middle- to low-income regions","volume":"75","author":"Hasan","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.21037\/cdt.2019.07.06","article-title":"Pulmonary hypertension in low- and middle-income countries with focus on Sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"10","author":"Dzudie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diagn. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2023.115126","article-title":"Dynamic association of ambient air pollution with incidence and mortality of pulmonary hypertension: a multistate trajectory analysis","volume":"262","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.124.039343","article-title":"Association of ambient air pollution with invasive pulmonary hemodynamics and long\u2010term outcomes in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)30388-9","article-title":"Guidelines for accurate and transparent health estimates reporting: the GATHER statement","volume":"388","author":"Stevens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2025.08.015","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of cardiovascular diseases and risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2023","volume":"86","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv317","article-title":"2015 ESC\/ERS guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"37","author":"Gali\u00e8","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197112232852601","article-title":"The natural history of congestive heart failure: the framingham study","volume":"285","author":"P","year":"1971","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib13","first-page":"2129","volume":"vol. 37","author":"Piotr","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(25)01637-X","volume":"406","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib15","author":"Biykem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61347-7","article-title":"The burden of disease in older people and implications for health policy and practice","volume":"385","author":"Prince","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-1460","article-title":"An evaluation of long-term survival from time of diagnosis in pulmonary arterial hypertension from the REVEAL registry","volume":"142","author":"Benza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02311-2021","article-title":"COMPERA 2.0: a refined four-stratum risk assessment model for pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"60","author":"Hoeper","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2022.4402","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension","volume":"327","author":"Ruopp","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2422","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab235","article-title":"Heart healthy cities: genetics loads the gun but the environment pulls the trigger","volume":"42","author":"M\u00fcnzel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.37.10.741","article-title":"Sporadic primary pulmonary hypertension is associated with germline mutations of the gene encoding BMPR-II, a receptor member of the TGF-\u03b2 family","volume":"37","author":"Thomson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Med. Genet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00544-5","article-title":"BMPR2 mutations and survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension: an individual participant data meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Evans","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e689","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00204-7","article-title":"Long-term effect of exposure to lower concentrations of air pollution on mortality among US medicare participants and vulnerable subgroups: a doubly-robust approach","volume":"5","author":"Yazdi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Planet. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2959","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaf212","article-title":"Social factors, health policy, and environment: implications for cardiovascular disease across the globe","volume":"46","author":"Lear","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2024.02.004","article-title":"Investigating the \u201csex paradox\u201d in pulmonary arterial hypertension: results from the pulmonary hypertension association registry (PHAR)","volume":"43","author":"DesJardin","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transplant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.124.320886","article-title":"Sex dimorphism in pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with autoimmune diseases","volume":"44","author":"Krzy\u017cewska","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00010409","article-title":"Alterations in oestrogen metabolism: implications for higher penetrance of familial pulmonary arterial hypertension in females","volume":"34","author":"Austin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1002\/art.41669","article-title":"Long\u2010term outcomes in patients with connective tissue disease\u2013associated pulmonary arterial hypertension in the modern treatment era: meta\u2010analyses of randomized, controlled trials and observational registries","volume":"73","author":"Khanna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healun.2024.04.066","article-title":"The impact of cardiovascular and lung comorbidities in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"43","author":"Gialamas","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Heart Lung Transplant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01095-2024","article-title":"Pathology and pathobiology of pulmonary hypertension: current insights and future directions","volume":"64","author":"Guignabert","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-3241","article-title":"Comorbid conditions and outcomes in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: a REVEAL registry analysis","volume":"144","author":"Poms","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2023.01.042","article-title":"Assessing and addressing social determinants of cardiovascular health","volume":"81","author":"Brandt","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202404-0816OC","article-title":"Location of care delivery for pulmonary arterial hypertension in the United States","volume":"211","author":"Leary","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00879-2022","article-title":"2022 ESC\/ERS guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"61","author":"Humbert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001171","article-title":"Implementation of prevention science to eliminate health care inequities in achieving cardiovascular health: a scientific statement from the American heart association","volume":"148","author":"Agarwala","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.125.073885","article-title":"Navigating uncertainty in PAH classification: wedge pressure versus disease phenotypes","volume":"152","author":"Hoeper","year":"2025","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01324-2024","article-title":"Definition, classification and diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"64","author":"Kovacs","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202407-1345OC","article-title":"Lipid ratios for diagnosis and prognosis of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"211","author":"Bordag","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.06.3824","article-title":"Equivalency of multiple biomarkers to clinical pulmonary arterial hypertension survival risk models","volume":"166","author":"Griffiths","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chest"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772487526000516?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2772487526000516?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T13:28:12Z","timestamp":1783603692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2772487526000516"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S2772487526000516"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621","relation":{},"ISSN":["2772-4875"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2772-4875","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Trends and future projections of the disease burden of pulmonary arterial Hypertension\u2013related heart failure in China and G20 countries: Based on the global burden of disease 2023 database","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Cardiology Cardiovascular Risk and Prevention","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcrp.2026.200621","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"200621"}}