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However, there are a number of critical unanswered questions concerning the effects of the drugs in adults and children. The influence of age and duration of treatment on the extent of uptake inhibition and on the enhancement of central serotonergic functioning are unclear. In addition, the relationship of these factors and effects to the therapeutic and adverse effects of the SSRIs remain to be clarified. The general clinical utility of platelet 5\u2010HT measurement is reviewed and studies assessing central and peripheral uptake blockade in infants and children and non\u2010human primates are discussed. Recent investigations of central neurochemical effects of the SSRIs in primates assessed through measurement of 5\u2010HT and related compounds in cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the rhesus monkey are presented. In summary, the studies described have found that: human fetal exposure to SSRIs has substantial effects on 5\u2010HT transport in utero; exposure to SSRIs through breastmilk of mothers treated for postpartum depression usually has negligible effects on 5\u2010HT uptake; prescribed SSRIs appear to exert similar effects on 5\u2010HT transporter blockade in children and adults; and rapid and sustained increases are seen in monkey cisternal CSF levels of 5\u2010HT upon initiation of SSRI administration. The implications of the observations in terms of behavioral effects, clinical practice, and underlying mechanisms of action of the SSRIs are discussed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2004.06.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,10]],"date-time":"2004-08-10T19:56:00Z","timestamp":1092167760000},"page":"397-404","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Peripheral and central neurochemical effects of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in humans and nonhuman primates: assessing bioeffect and mechanisms of action"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"George M.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Study Center and the Department of Laboratory Medicine Yale University School of Medicine 230 S. 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