{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:32:06Z","timestamp":1791822726330,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,2]],"date-time":"2007-08-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1186012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Neuronal apoptosis plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, and neuroprotective agents targeting apoptotic signaling could have therapeutic use. Here we report that cesium chloride, an alternative medicine in treating radiological poison and cancer, has neuroprotective actions. Serum and potassium deprivation induced cerebellar granule neurons to undergo apoptosis, which correlated with the activation of caspase\u20103. Cesium prevented both the activation of caspase\u20103 and neuronal apoptosis in a dose\u2010dependent manner. Cesium at 8 mM increased the survival of neurons from 45 \u00b1 3% to 91 \u00b1 5% of control. Cesium's neuroprotection was not mediated by PI3\/Akt or MAPK signaling pathways, since it was unable to activate either Akt or MAPK by phosphorylation. In addition, specific inhibitors of PI3 kinase and MAP kinase did not block cesium's neuroprotective effects. On the other hand, cesium inactivated GSK3\u03b2 by phosphorylation of serine\u20109 and GSK3\u03b2\u2010specific inhibitor SB415286 prevented neuronal apoptosis. These data indicate that cesium's neuroprotection is likely via inactivating GSK3\u03b2. Furthermore, cesium also prevented H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\u2010induced neuronal death (increased the survival of neurons from 72 \u00b1 4% to 89 \u00b1 3% of control). Given its relative safety and good penetration of the brain blood barrier, our findings support the potential therapeutic use of cesium in neurodegenerative diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2007.07.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,3]],"date-time":"2007-08-03T11:18:26Z","timestamp":1186139906000},"page":"359-365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Cesium chloride protects cerebellar granule neurons from apoptosis induced by low potassium"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Jin","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Cell Biology Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children Indianapolis IN United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiguo","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Cell Biology Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children Indianapolis IN United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weihua","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics, Anatomy and Cell Biology Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children Indianapolis IN United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(95)90186-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1330"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02422.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","first-page":"248","article-title":"Basic mechanisms in neurodegenerative disease: implications for behavioral pathogenesis and treatment","volume":"1","author":"Borson S.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Semin. 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