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Using FLAIR imaging in the preterm infants at term, here we demonstrate that abnormal low\u2010intensity signal in the white matter predicts the neuro\u2010developmental outcome at 6 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical factors associated with white matter appearance on MRI obtained at term were investigated in 210 preterm infants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low\u2010intensity signal on FLAIR imaging was commonly observed (69%) at &lt;2 months corrected\u2010age. Its incidence correlated with corrected\u2010age at scan, maternal pyrexia and cystic periventricular leukomalacia. Low\u2010intensity signal on FLAIR significantly correlated with performance and full\u2010scale developmental quotients, whereas diffuse high\u2010intensity signal on T2\u2010weighted imaging correlated only with the full\u2010scale developmental quotient at 6 years (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 75, WISC\u2010R). FLAIR imaging, but not T2\u2010weighted imaging, predicted mild neuro\u2010developmental delay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>FLAIR appeared to detect subtle white matter injury related with neuro\u2010developmental disorders at school\u2010age, whereas T2\u2010weighted imaging seemed to identify relatively more severe injury. FLAIR is a potentially sensitive screening tool that is readily available and easily interpretable.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2007.09.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,2]],"date-time":"2007-10-02T11:31:00Z","timestamp":1191324660000},"page":"523-530","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Abnormal white matter appearance on term FLAIR predicts neuro\u2010developmental outcome at 6 years old following preterm birth"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Sachiko","family":"Iwata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Center for Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience, Kurume University School of Medicine 67 Asahimachi Kurume Fukuoka 830\u20100011 Japan"},{"name":"Division of Neonatology Nagano Children's Hospital Nagano Japan"},{"name":"Centre for Perinatal Brain Research, Institute for Women's Health University College London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osuke","family":"Iwata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Center for Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience, Kurume University School of Medicine 67 Asahimachi Kurume Fukuoka 830\u20100011 Japan"},{"name":"Division of Neonatology Nagano Children's Hospital Nagano Japan"},{"name":"Centre for Perinatal Brain Research, Institute for Women's Health University College London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan","family":"Bainbridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Physics and Bio\u2010Engineering University College London UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomohiko","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology Nagano Children's Hospital Nagano Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Kihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology Nagano Children's Hospital Nagano Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eriko","family":"Hizume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology Nagano Children's Hospital Nagano Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masatoshi","family":"Sugiura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology Nagano Children's Hospital Nagano Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masanori","family":"Tamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neonatology Nagano Children's Hospital Nagano Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toyojiro","family":"Matsuishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Center for Developmental and Cognitive Neuroscience, Kurume University School of Medicine 67 Asahimachi Kurume Fukuoka 830\u20100011 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-006-0154-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.168.3.3406411"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.210.1.r99ja09133"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1998.tb09363.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.27.7.1187"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","first-page":"1654","article-title":"T2 relaxation values in the developing preterm brain","volume":"24","author":"Counsell S.J.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. 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