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Our study showed that there was an increased CD40 expression on activated microglia in the brain injury after lithium pilocarpine\u2010induced status epilepticus (SE) in rats. Since peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor gamma (PPAR\u03b3) acts as a regulator of CNS inflammation and a powerful pharmacological target for counteracting CNS diseases, we investigated the role of the PPAR\u03b3 agonist, rosiglitazone, in the modulation of CD40 expression and in the pathological processes of inflammation after SE. We found that rosiglitazone inhibited the expression of CD40, tumor necrosis factor (TNF\u2010\u03b1), and microglial activation in different regions of hippocampus. The results were indicated by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and ELISA, respectively. Rosiglitazone also prevented neuronal loss in the CA1 area after SE observed by Nissl\u2010staining. These protective effects were significantly reversed by the co\u2010treatment with T0070907, a selective antagonist of the PPAR\u03b3, which clearly demonstrated a PPAR\u03b3\u2010dependent mechanism. Our data provide evidence that rosiglitazone considerably attenuates inflammatory responses after SE by suppressing CD40 expression and microglial activation. Our data also support the idea that rosiglitazone might be a potential neuroprotective agent in epilepsy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2008.01.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,31]],"date-time":"2008-03-31T20:53:30Z","timestamp":1206996810000},"page":"505-515","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Peroxisome proliferator\u2010activated receptor gamma agonist, rosiglitazone, suppresses CD40 expression and attenuates inflammatory responses after lithium pilocarpine\u2010induced status epilepticus in rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Hong","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of Epilepsy Department of Neurology Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medicine University of Chinese PLA Xi'an 710032 Shaanxi Province 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