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In tyrosinemia type II, high levels of tyrosine are correlated with eyes, skin and central nervous system disturbances. Considering that the mechanisms of brain damage in these disorders are poorly known, in the present study, we investigated whether oxidative stress is elicited by\n                      <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                      \u2010tyrosine in cerebral cortex homogenates of 14\u2010day\u2010old Wistar rats. The\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      effect of 0.1\u20134.0 mM\n                      <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                      \u2010tyrosine was studied on the following oxidative stress parameters: total radical\u2010trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), total antioxidant reactivity (TAR), ascorbic acid content, reduced glutathione (GSH) content, spontaneous chemiluminescence, thiobarbituric acid\u2010reactive substances (TBA\u2010RS), thiol\u2010disulfide redox state (SH\/SS ratio), protein carbonyl content, formation of DNA\u2010protein cross\u2010links, and the activities of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glucose\u20106\u2010phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH). TRAP, TAR, ascorbic acid content, SH\/SS ratio and CAT activity were significantly diminished, while formation of DNA\u2010protein cross\u2010link was significantly enhanced by\n                      <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                      \u2010tyrosine\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      . In contrast,\n                      <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                      \u2010tyrosine did not affect the other parameters of oxidative stress evaluated. These results indicate that\n                      <jats:sc>l<\/jats:sc>\n                      \u2010tyrosine decreases enzymatic and non\u2010enzymatic antioxidant defenses, changes the redox state and stimulates DNA damage in cerebral cortex of young rats\n                      <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      . This suggests that oxidative stress may represent a pathophysiological mechanism in tyrosinemic patients, in which this amino acid accumulates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2008.05.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,29]],"date-time":"2008-05-29T06:22:56Z","timestamp":1212042176000},"page":"551-559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Tyrosine promotes oxidative stress in cerebral cortex of young rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"\u00c2ngela M.","family":"Sgaravatti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas: Bioqu\u00edmica Instituto de Ci\u00eancias B\u00e1sicas da Sa\u00fade, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre RS 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