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Although intellectual performance is within normal limits in premature children it is significantly decreased compared to paired controls. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between a lower performance intelligence quotient and white matter damage in preterm adolescents. The sample comprised 44 adolescents (mean age \u00b1 S.D.: 14.4 \u00b1 1.6 years) born before 32 weeks of gestational age and 43 term\u2010born adolescents (14.5 \u00b1 2.1 years). Individual voxel\u2010based morphometry analyses demonstrated that 35\/44 (80%) preterm subjects had white matter abnormalities. The centrum semiovale and the posterior periventricular regions were the most frequently affected areas. Correlation analysis showed that in preterms the performance intelligence quotient correlated with the whole\u2010brain white matter volume (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.32; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.036) but not with grey matter volume. Complementary analysis showed that low scores in the Digit Symbol subtest, a measure of processing speed, in the preterm group correlated with reductions in white matter concentration. These results suggest that white matter damage is highly common and that it persists until adolescence. Hence, diffuse white matter loss may be responsible for performance intelligence quotient and processing speed decrements in subjects with very preterm birth.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2008.08.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,8,13]],"date-time":"2008-08-13T04:40:20Z","timestamp":1218602420000},"page":"647-654","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Patterns of cerebral white matter damage and cognitive impairment in adolescents born very preterm"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Soria\u2010Pastor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Barcelona C\/ Casanova 143 08036 Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) C\/ Villarroel 170 08036 Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Gimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Barcelona C\/ Casanova 143 08036 Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) C\/ Villarroel 170 08036 Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Narberhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Faculty of Medicine University of Barcelona C\/ Casanova 143 08036 Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carles","family":"Falcon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut d'Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) C\/ Villarroel 170 08036 Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Biophysics &amp; 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