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Some rats were also allowed to reload during 3 months of ambulation recovery. The rats were sacrificed immediately, 1, 2, and 3 months after hindlimb unloading. Numbers, cross\u2010sectional areas (CSAs), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities of spinal motoneurons innervating soleus muscle, which were identified by the retrograde neuronal labeling by nuclear yellow, were determined. The numbers, CSAs, and SDH activities of gamma motoneurons (&lt;500 \u03bcm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) were not influenced by hindlimb unloading and reloading. The number and SDH activities of alpha motoneurons were not affected by hindlimb unloading and reloading, either. The growth\u2010related increase of CSA of alpha motoneurons in unloaded group was slightly, but significantly, less than controls. However, the number of small\u2010sized alpha motoneurons (600\u2013900 \u03bcm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) was greater than controls, and large neurons with more than 1300 \u03bcm<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> CSA were not observed immediately after the 3\u2010month unloading. These phenomena were gradually recovered and reached the control level at the end of 3\u2010month ambulation. It is concluded that hindlimb unloading of neonatal rats retards the growth\u2010related increase in the cell body size of large\u2010sized alpha motoneurons and that such phenomenon is reversible in response to reloading during ambulation recovery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2008.10.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,9]],"date-time":"2008-11-09T10:06:25Z","timestamp":1226225185000},"page":"21-26","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Effects of hindlimb unloading at early postnatal growth on cell body size in spinal motoneurons innervating soleus muscle of rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Fumiko","family":"Nagatomo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurochemistry Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University Kyoto 606\u20108501 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Ishihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Neurochemistry Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University Kyoto 606\u20108501 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshinobu","family":"Ohira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Applied Physiology Graduate School of Medicine Osaka University Osaka 560\u20100043 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1001710303"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1997.6610"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1991.71.2.541"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1052210207"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1993.74.3.1156"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(92)90556-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(86)91542-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1995.268.2.C419"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1984.56.4.831"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2003.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2003.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014245417017","article-title":"Cell body size and succinate dehydrogenase activity of spinal motoneurons innervating the soleus muscle in mice, rats, and cats","volume":"26","author":"Ishihara A.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurochem. 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