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Results showed that in hyperhomocysteinemic rats the expression of neural IF subunits was affected. In cerebral cortex, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression was donwregulated while in hippocampus high and middle molecular weight neurofilament subunits (NF\u2010H and NF\u2010M, respectively) were up\u2010regulated. Otherwise, the immunocontent of IF proteins was unaltered in cerebral cortex while in hippocampus the immunocontent of cytoskeletal\u2010associated low molecular weight neurofilament (NF\u2010L) and NF\u2010H subunits suggested a stoichiometric ratio consistent with a decreased amount of core filaments enriched in lateral projections. These effects were not accompanied by an alteration in IF phosphorylation.<jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>results showed that 500 \u03bcM Hcy\u2010induced protein phosphatases 1\u2010, 2A\u2010 and 2B\u2010mediated hypophosphorylation of NF subunits and GFAP in hippocampal slices of 17\u2010day\u2010old rats without affecting the cerebral cortex, showing a window of vulnerability of cytoskeleton in developing hippocampus. Ionotropic and metabotropic glutamate receptors were involved in this action, as well as Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>release from intracellular stores through ryanodine receptors. We propose that the mechanisms observed in the hippocampus of 17\u2010day\u2010old rats could support the neural damage observed in these animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2009.10.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,13]],"date-time":"2009-10-13T09:16:06Z","timestamp":1255425366000},"page":"21-30","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Hyperhomocysteinemia selectively alters expression and stoichiometry of intermediate filament and induces glutamate\u2010 and calcium\u2010mediated mechanisms in rat brain during development"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Samanta Oliveira","family":"Loureiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica Instituto de Ci\u00eancias B\u00e1sicas da Sa\u00fade UFRGS Porto Alegre RS 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