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Hypoxia\u2010ischemia (HI) in preterm human infants at gestational week 23\u201332 results in neurodevelopmental abnormalities in childhood, presenting as learning disability, seizure activity, motor impairment and in the most severe cases, death. Here, we examined the potential of MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> treatment, prior to foetal hypoxia, to attenuate hypoxia induced damage in a murine model of maternal hypoxia. We studied the time course of maternal hypoxia and MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> pre\u2010treatment effects on cerebellar tissue by means of DNA microarray analyses. Mild hypoxia induced minor expression changes in most genes. However, there were 5 gene sets which were down\u2010regulated by maternal hypoxia. MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> pre\u2010treatment abrogated these decreases in gene. A cell cycle gene set which responded immediately (2 h) to hypoxia, showed a delayed response (24 h) when MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> pre\u2010treatment was given. Similar proportions of cell death were observed in all groups before P7, where combined hypoxia and MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> treatment increased cell death in the internal granule layer. There were a higher number of BrdU positive cells at the end of hypoxic episodes and a down\u2010regulation of Reelin signaling, compared to control. MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> pre\u2010treatment prevented the enhancement of cell proliferation due to hypoxia and increased Reelin levels.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Altogether, MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> pre\u2010treatment both reduced the number of genes differentially affected by hypoxia and delayed the responses to hypoxia. In addition, MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> pre\u2010treatment modified the nature of the transcriptional response; while hypoxia induced down\u2010regulation of gene sets, MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> pre\u2010treatment mostly up\u2010regulated them. The dual reaction to the MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> treatment may be the source of the ambiguity in observations reported for affected newborns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2009.11.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,12]],"date-time":"2009-11-12T05:35:33Z","timestamp":1258004133000},"page":"207-216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Magnesium sulfate treatment alters fetal cerebellar gene expression responses to hypoxia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Ofir","family":"Haramati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Genetics and Virology Faculty of Health Sciences and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev Beer\u2010Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Revital","family":"Mane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Genetics and Virology Faculty of Health Sciences and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev Beer\u2010Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Molczadzki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Developmental Genetics and Virology Faculty of Health Sciences and Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience Ben\u2010Gurion University of the Negev Beer\u2010Sheva Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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