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However, the cellular mechanism underlying spina bifida is not fully understood. Here, we investigated cell apoptosis in whole embryos and proliferation of neural progenitor cells in the spinal neural tube during neurulation in all\u2010trans retinoic acid (atRA)\u2010induced spina bifida in fetal rats. Cell apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL assay on whole\u2010mount and serially sectioned samples of rat embryos with spina bifida. Cell proliferation of lumbo\u2010sacral neural progenitor cells was assessed by staining for the mitotic marker Ki67 and pH3. We found an excess of apoptosis in the neuroepithelium of embryos with spina bifida, which became more marked as embryos progress from E11 to E13. Conversely, there was a reduction in cell proliferation in spina bifida embryos, with a progressively greater difference from controls with stage from E11 to 13. Thus, atRA\u2010induced spina bifida in rat shows perturbed apoptosis and proliferation of neural progenitors in the lumbo\u2010sacral spinal cord during embryonic development, which might contribute to the pathogenesis of spina bifida.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2012.03.340","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,5]],"date-time":"2012-04-05T22:11:53Z","timestamp":1333663913000},"page":"375-381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Disturbed apoptosis and cell proliferation in developing neuroepithelium of lumbo\u2010sacral neural tubes in retinoic acid\u2010induced spina bifida aperta in rat"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Xiaowei","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation Shengjing Hospital China Medical University Shenyang 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