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Studies of\n                    <jats:italic>post mortem<\/jats:italic>\n                    brain tissue from male and female dyslexic individuals revealed focal disruptions of neuronal migration concentrated in the left hemisphere, along with aberrant symmetry of the right and left the planum temporale, and changes in cell size distribution within the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus (Galaburda et al., 1985; Humphreys et al., 1990). More recent neuroimaging studies have identified several changes in the brains of dyslexic individuals, including regional changes in gray matter, changes in white matter, and changes in patterns of functional activation. In a further effort to elucidate the etiology of dyslexia, epidemiological and genetic studies have identified several candidate dyslexia susceptibility genes. Some recent work has investigated associations between some of these genetic variants and structural changes in the brain. Variants of one candidate dyslexia susceptibility gene,\n                    <jats:italic>KIAA0319<\/jats:italic>\n                    , have been linked to morphological changes in the cerebellum and functional activational changes in the superior temporal sulcus (Jamadar et al., 2011; Pinel et al., 2012). Animal models have been used to create a knockdown of\n                    <jats:italic>Kiaa0319<\/jats:italic>\n                    (the rodent homolog of the human gene)\n                    <jats:italic>via in utero<\/jats:italic>\n                    RNA interference in order to study the gene's effects on brain development and behavior. Studies using this animal model have demonstrated that knocking down the gene leads to focal disruptions of neuronal migration in the form of ectopias and heterotopias, similar to those observed in the brains of human dyslexics. However, further changes to the structure of the brain have not been studied following this genetic disruption. The current study sought to determine the effects of embryonic\n                    <jats:italic>Kiaa0319<\/jats:italic>\n                    knockdown on volume of the cortex and hippocampus, as well as midsagittal area of the corpus callosum in male rats. Results demonstrate that\n                    <jats:italic>Kiaa0319<\/jats:italic>\n                    knockdown did not change the volume of the cortex or hippocampus, but did result in a significant reduction in the midsagittal area of the corpus callosum. Taken in the context of previous reports of behavioral deficits following\n                    <jats:italic>Kiaa0319<\/jats:italic>\n                    knockdown (Szalkowski et al., 2012), and reports that reductions of corpus callosum size are related to processing deficits in humans (Paul, 2011), these results suggest that\n                    <jats:italic>Kiaa0319<\/jats:italic>\n                    has a specific involvement in neural systems important for temporal processing.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2012.11.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,5]],"date-time":"2012-12-05T19:47:53Z","timestamp":1354736873000},"page":"116-122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["The effects of\n                    <i>Kiaa0319<\/i>\n                    knockdown on cortical and subcortical anatomy in male rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Caitlin E.","family":"Szalkowski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology\/Behavioral Neuroscience University of Connecticut 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020 Storrs CT 06269 United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher F.","family":"Fiondella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Neurobiology University of Connecticut 75 North Eagleville Road Storrs CT 06269 United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongnhu T.","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology\/Behavioral Neuroscience University of Connecticut 406 Babbidge Road, Unit 1020 Storrs CT 06269 United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenn D.","family":"Rosen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Beth Israel 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