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In the present study, to investigate migration of facial neurons and initial facial nucleus formation in an animal model of autism, rat embryos were treated with valproic acid (VPA) <jats:italic>in utero<\/jats:italic> at embryonic day (E) 9.5 and their facial nuclei were analyzed by <jats:italic>in situ<\/jats:italic> hybridization at E13.5, E14.5 and E15.5. Signals for <jats:italic>Tbx20<\/jats:italic>, which is expressed in early motor neurons, appeared near the floor plate at the level of the vestibular ganglion and extended caudolaterally, where they became ovoid in shape. This pattern of development was similar between control and VPA\u2010exposed embryos. However, measurements of the migratory pathway and the size of the facial nuclei revealed that exposure to VPA hindered the caudal migration of neurons to the facial nuclei. Signals for <jats:italic>cadherin 8<\/jats:italic>, which is expressed in mature facial nuclei, revealed that exposure to VPA caused a significant reduction in the size of the facial nuclei. 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