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Revealing detailed anatomy at different stages of human fetal brain development provides insight on understanding not only this highly ordered process, but also the neurobiological foundations of cognitive brain disorders such as mental retardation, autism, schizophrenia, bipolar and language impairment. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and histology are complementary tools which are capable of delineating the fetal brain structures at both macroscopic and microscopic levels. In this review, the structural development of the fetal brains has been characterized with DTI and histology. Major components of the fetal brain, including cortical plate, fetal white matter and cerebral wall layer between the ventricle and subplate, have been delineated with DTI and histology. Anisotropic metrics derived from DTI were used to quantify the microstructural changes during the dynamic process of human fetal cortical development and prenatal development of other animal models. Fetal white matter pathways have been traced with DTI\u2010based tractography to reveal growth patterns of individual white matter tracts and corticocortical connectivity. These detailed anatomical accounts of the structural changes during fetal period may provide the clues of detecting developmental and cognitive brain disorders at their early stages. The anatomical information from DTI and histology may also provide reference standards for diagnostic radiology of premature newborns.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2013.06.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,21]],"date-time":"2013-06-21T20:56:25Z","timestamp":1371848185000},"page":"11-22","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Gaining insight of fetal brain development with diffusion MRI and histology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Imaging Research Center Johns Hopkins University United States"},{"name":"Department of Radiology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Johns Hopkins University United States"},{"name":"Department of Radiology Johns Hopkins University United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lana","family":"Vasung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Croatian Institute for Brain Research University of Zagreb Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(94)80775-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1522-2594(200010)44:4<625::AID-MRM17>3.0.CO;2-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.783"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","volume-title":"The Human Brain During the Third Trimester","author":"Bayer S.A.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780203507483"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910310408"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nbm.782"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2252"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.10130"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.177.2.2217776"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410010109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.18.10422"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.04.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9861(20000925)425:3<447::AID-CNE9>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","series-title":"Die Entwickelung des menschichen Gehirns w\u00e4hrendder ersten Monate","first-page":"91","author":"His W.","year":"1904"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","volume-title":"Beitr\u00e4ge zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des menschlichen Gehirns. 1 Teil","author":"Hochstetter F.","year":"1909"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/6.6.794"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.1910340210"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3194-07.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2769-08.2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858409356711"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","article-title":"Coupling diffusion imaging with histological and gene expression analysis to examine the dynamics of cortical areas across the fetal period of human brain development","author":"Huang H.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cereb. 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