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However, recently it is reported to be a neurotoxic agent that could induce biochemical defects in brain by affecting levels of neurotransmitters and generating reactive oxygen species resulting in oxidative stress. This study aimed at evaluating neuroprotective effect of Ginkgo biloba extract<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#fn0005\"\/> (GBE) (200 mg\/kg for 28 days) in antagonizing aluminum\u2010induced neurotoxicity through investigating certain parameters such as serum aluminum level, brain aluminum content, brain regional distribution of aluminum, brain oxidative stress biomarkers\u2019 content, and brain acetylcholinesterase<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#fn0010\"\/> (AChE) activity. Passive avoidance paradigm was used to assess memory retrieval of rats. Rats\u2019 activities were studied using open field test. Results showed that administration of aluminum (10 mg\/kg for 28 days) impaired rats\u2019 memory retrieval associated with marked elevation of aluminum brain content, serum aluminum level and AChE activity. In addition, aluminum treatment induced significant elevation in its brain content in all tested regions. GBE treatment attenuated neurotoxic effects of aluminum as evidenced by improving rats\u2019 performance in passive avoidance and lowering brain AChE activity. Moreover, marked elevation in brain content of oxidized glutathione<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#fn0015\"\/> (GSSG) and malonedialdehyde<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#fn0020\"\/> (MDA) as well as depletion of reduced glutathione<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#fn0025\"\/> (GSH) demonstrated following aluminum administration were reversed reaching normal levels after GBE treatment. Open field test, demonstrated no changes in latency period, number of ambulation, rearing, and grooming following aluminum or other treatments. Therefore, GBE may be a promising therapy ameliorating neurotoxicity of aluminum as an environmental toxic agent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2013.07.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,8]],"date-time":"2013-08-08T18:46:35Z","timestamp":1375987595000},"page":"598-607","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Anti\u2010amnestic properties of Ginkgo biloba extract on impaired memory function induced by aluminum in rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Rasha M.","family":"Abd\u2010Elhady","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology National Organization for Drug Control and Research Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amira M.","family":"Elsheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology National Organization for Drug Control and Research Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amani E.","family":"Khalifa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2011.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2005-7402"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.49.2662"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2004.07.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-511X-11-16","article-title":"Study of lipid profile and parieto\u2010temporal lipid peroxidation in AlCl3, \u2010 mediated neurotoxicity. 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