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Clinical observation has indicated that the offspring of mothers with diabetes shows impaired somatosensory function and IQ. However, only a few studies have explored the effects of hyperglycemia on fetal brain development. Neurodevelopment is susceptible to environmental conditions. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effects of maternal hyperglycemia on fetal brain development and to evaluate insulin and insulin\u2010like growth factor\u2010I (IGF\u2010I) signals in fetal brain under hyperglycemia or controlled hyperglycemia. At day 1 of pregnancy, gestational rats were intraperitoneally injected with streptozocin (60 mg\/kg). Some of the hyperglycemic gestational rats were injected with insulin (20 IU, two times a day) to control hyperglycemia; the others were injected with saline of equal volume. The gestational rats were sacrificed at days 14, 16, and 18 of embryo development. The dendritic spines of subplate cortex neurons in the fetal brain were detected by Golgi\u2013Cox staining. The mRNA levels of insulin receptors (IRs) and IGF\u2010IR in the fetal brain were measured using qRT\u2010PCR. The protein levels of synaptophysin, IR, and IGF\u2010IR in the fetal brain were detected by western blot. No significant difference in fetal brain formation was observed between the maternal hyperglycemic group and insulin\u2010treated group. By contrast, obvious retardation of dendritic development in the fetus was observed in the maternal hyperglycemic group. Similarly, synaptophysin expression was lower in the fetus of the maternal hyperglycemic group than in that of the insulin\u2010treated group. The mRNA and protein expression levels of IRs in the fetal brain were higher in the hyperglycemic group than in the insulin\u2010treated group. By contrast, the levels of IGF\u2010IR in the brain were lower in the fetus of the maternal hyperglycemic group than in that of the insulin\u2010treated group. These results suggested that maternal hyperglycemia can retard dendritic development in the fetal brain and that these changes partially resulted from abnormal insulin\/IGF\u2010I signaling in the fetal brain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2014.06.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,19]],"date-time":"2014-06-19T15:00:33Z","timestamp":1403190033000},"page":"15-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Retardation of fetal dendritic development induced by gestational hyperglycemia is associated with brain insulin\/IGF\u2010I signals"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Yu\u2010Hong","family":"Jing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy and Embryology School of Basic Medical Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou PR China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province Lanzhou University Lanzhou PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan\u2010Feng","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy and Embryology School of Basic Medical Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ya\u2010Ming","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy and Embryology School of Basic Medical Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy and Embryology School of Basic Medical Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"De\u2010gui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy and Embryology School of Basic Medical Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li\u2010Ping","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640535","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/640535","article-title":"Cortical evoked potentials in children of diabetic mothers","volume":"2011","author":"Brinciotti M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. 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