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In the current study, we found that Drosophila embryos lacking the mir\u2010124 gene did not exhibit detectable defects in axon growth or CNS development. On the other hand, adult mutants showed severe problems in locomotion, flight, and female fertility. Furthermore, the deficits that we observed in the adult stage could be marginally rescued with elav\u2010GAL4 driven expression of miR\u2010124, making elav\u2010GAL4 an excellently simulated driver to induce entopic over\u2010expression of miR\u2010124. Further developmental assessment in the third instar larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and dendritic arborization (DA) neurons was performed with miR\u2010124 knock outs, flies over\u2010expressing miR\u2010124, and rescue models. Typically, the absence and over\u2010abundance of a molecular signal exerts opposite effects on development or phenotype. However, we determined that both miR\u2010124 knock\u2010outs and over\u2010expressing flies displayed reduced NMJ 6\/7 bouton number and branch length. Similarly, reduced ddaE branching numbers were observed between the two mutant lines. As to ddaF, we found that branching number was not influenced by mir\u2010124 knock out, but was statistically reduced by miR\u2010124 over\u2010expression. While we were not able to determine any causal relationship between behavioral defects and dysplasia of NMJs or DA neurons, there were some accompanying relationships among behavioral phenotypes, NMJ abnormalities, and ddaE\/ddaF dendritic branching which were all controlled by miR\u2010124.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2014.08.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,26]],"date-time":"2014-08-26T18:31:15Z","timestamp":1409077875000},"page":"105-112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["miR\u2010124 controls <i>Drosophila<\/i> behavior and is required for neural development"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Chao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases Institute of Life Sciences Southeast University # 2 Sipailou Road Nanjing 210096 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tongbao","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases Institute of Life Sciences Southeast University # 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