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However, the evidence is not enough, and the mechanism is poorly understood, especially on the exposure during early brain development. This study assessed effects of sodium (meta) arsenite shortly after exposure on early developing fetal rat brains.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Pregnant rats were administered 50 mg\/L arsenite in their drinking water or 20 mg\/kg arsenite orally using a gastric tube, on gestational days (GD) 9\u201315. Fetal brains were examined on GD16.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Pregnant rats administered 20 mg\/kg arsenite showed reductions in maternal body weight gain and food consumption during treatment, but not with 50 mg\/L arsenite. Arsenite did not affect fetal development, as determined by body weight, mortality and brain size. Arsenite also did not induce excessive cell death or affect neural cell division in any region of the fetal neuroepithelium. Thyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry revealed no difference in the distribution of catecholaminergic neurons between fetuses of arsenite treated and control rats. However, reductions in the number of serotonin positive cells in the fetal median and dorsal raphe nuclei were observed following maternal treatment with 20 mg\/kg arsenite. Image analysis showed that the serotonin positive areas decreased in all fetal mid\u2010 and hind\u2010brain areas without altering distribution patterns. Maternal stress induced by arsenite toxicity did not alter fetal development. These results suggest that arsenite\u2010induced neurodevelopmental toxicity involves defects in the early development of the serotonin nervous system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2014.09.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,5]],"date-time":"2014-10-05T20:34:20Z","timestamp":1412541260000},"page":"204-212","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Prenatal sodium arsenite affects early development of serotonergic neurons in the fetal rat brain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Mika","family":"Senuma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hatano Research Institute Food and Drug Safety Center 729\u20105 Ochiai, Hadano Kanagawa 257\u20108523 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chisato","family":"Mori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University 1\u20108\u20101 Inohana, Chuo\u2010ku Chiba City 260\u20108670 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tetsuo","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology Saitama Medical University 38 Morohongo, Moroyama\u2010machi, Iruma\u2010gun Saitama 350\u20100495 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Makiko","family":"Kuwagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hatano Research Institute Food and Drug Safety Center 729\u20105 Ochiai, Hadano Kanagawa 257\u20108523 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0810793106"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901980409"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuro.2012.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420100211"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/44.2.185"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2011.01.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2007.01.024"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.12.054"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2009.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyr176"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.7719219"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420350104"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15287398809531221"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2011.05.053"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2005.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2012.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tiv.2010.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2010.06.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2009.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"503784","article-title":"Physical, chemical, and biological methods for the removal of arsenic compounds","volume":"2014","author":"Lim K.T.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. 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