{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T12:00:17Z","timestamp":1790164817652,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,27]],"date-time":"2015-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427414400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Inflammation plays an important role in the pathophysiology of neonatal hypoxic\u2013ischemic (HI) brain injury. Studies have shown that hypoxic preconditioning (HP) can ameliorate brain damage, but its effects on inflammation remain unknown. Postnatal day 6 (P6), Sprague\u2013Dawley rats were divided into normoxia and hypoxia (8% oxygen, 3 h) groups. On P7, some pups underwent a right carotid artery occlusion followed by hypoxia (8% oxygen, 3 h) while under 1.5% isofluorane anesthesia and the remaining pups underwent sham surgery without occlusion. Animals were sacrificed 5 days later and fixed tissue was used to examine changes in neurons, astrocytes, and microglia in the cortex. Fresh tissue was collected to determine cortical levels of proinflammatory cytokines using ELISA. There was a significant loss in the number of NeuN positive cells in the cortex following HI injury, which was improved when HP was given prior to HI. There was an increase in cortical area of astrocyte staining after HI injury compared to control. HP before HI was able to reduce area of GFAP staining back to control levels. HI caused a large increase in the number of activated microglia compared to control and HP was able to significantly reduce this, although not back to control levels. HP alone increased microglial activation. Interleukin\u20101\u03b2 levels were increased in the cortex 5 days after HI, but HP was not able to significantly reduce this change. The neuroprotective effects of HP appear to be mediated by affecting cellular inflammatory processes in the brain following HI injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2015.03.010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,22]],"date-time":"2015-04-22T20:30:09Z","timestamp":1429734609000},"page":"35-42","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Hypoxic preconditioning can reduce injury\u2010induced inflammatory processes in the neonatal rat brain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Jasneet","family":"Parmar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Australia New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole M.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology School of Medical Sciences, UNSW, Australia New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1007\/s00395-012-0314-0","article-title":"Remote ischemic preconditioning regulates HIF\u20101alpha levels, apoptosis and inflammation in heart tissue of cardiosurgical patients: a pilot experimental study","volume":"108","author":"Albrecht M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Basic Res. 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