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Our earlier studies indicate that both maternal vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> and omega\u20103 fatty acids influence brain development by regulating the levels of neurotrophins. Literature suggests that there exists a cross talk between neurotrophins like nerve growth factor (NGF) and angiogenic factors like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). It remains to be established whether maternal nutrients like vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> and omega\u20103 fatty acids influence the levels of angiogenic markers like VEGF and NGF in the brain of the offspring. Therefore the present study examines the effect of maternal vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> and omega\u20103 fatty acids on protein and mRNA levels of VEGF, HIF\u20101 alpha (hypoxia inducible factor alpha) and NGF in the pup brain at birth. Pregnant Wistar rats were divided into five dietary groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 8 each): control, vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficient, vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficient + omega\u20103 fatty acid, vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> supplemented, vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> supplemented + omega\u20103 fatty acid. At birth the pups were dissected to collect the brain tissue. Maternal vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficiency showed lower (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) pup brain mRNA and protein levels (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) of VEGF, higher (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) HIF\u20101 alpha protein levels, lower (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05) NGF protein levels while NGF mRNA levels were not altered. Omega\u20103 fatty acid supplementation to a vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> deficient group normalized the VEGF mRNA levels, NGF protein levels and HIF\u20101 alpha protein levels. Vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> supplementation showed similar protein and mRNA levels of VEGF and NGF as well as HIF\u20101 alpha protein levels as compared to control. Omega\u20103 fatty acid supplementation to the vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> supplemented group showed higher (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) protein and mRNA levels of NGF but the protein and mRNA levels of VEGF were comparable to control. In conclusion maternal vitamin B<jats:sub>12<\/jats:sub> and omega\u20103 fatty acids both influence the levels and expression of neurotrophins and angiogenic factors in the offspring brain suggesting a possible benefit of combined maternal supplementation of these vital nutrients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2015.04.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,17]],"date-time":"2015-04-17T06:02:33Z","timestamp":1429250553000},"page":"43-49","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Maternal omega\u20103 fatty acid supplementation to a vitamin B<sub>12<\/sub> deficient diet normalizes angiogenic markers in the pup brain at birth"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Richa S.","family":"Rathod","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Medicine Interactive Research School for Health Affairs Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Pune Satara Road Pune 411043 India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amrita A.","family":"Khaire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Medicine Interactive Research School for Health Affairs Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Pune Satara Road Pune 411043 India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anvita A.","family":"Kale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Medicine Interactive Research School for Health Affairs Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Pune Satara Road Pune 411043 India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sadhana R.","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Medicine Interactive Research School for Health Affairs Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Pune Satara Road Pune 411043 India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.06.055"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"040","article-title":"NGF, brain and behavioral plasticity","volume":"784","author":"Berry A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.051626998"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06335.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20050163"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1601820"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.105.093252"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2012.01277.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000115161.10646.67"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2009.06.005","article-title":"Decreased VEGF mRNA expression in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of schizophrenia subjects","volume":"115","author":"Fulzele S.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Schizophr. 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