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Hypoxic or ischemic insults are crucial factors mediating the neural damage in the brain tissue of stroke patients. Neural stem cells (NSCs) have been recognized as a promising tool for the treatment of ischemic stroke and other neurodegenerative diseases due to their inducible pluripotency. In this study, we aim to mimick the cerebral hypoxic\u2010ischemic injury in vitro using oxygen\u2013glucose deprivation (OGD) strategy, and evaluate the effects of OGD on the NSC's neural differentiation, as well as the differentiated neurite outgrowth. Our data showed that NSCs under the short\u2010term 2 h OGD treatment are able to maintain cell viability and the capability to form neurospheres. Importantly, this moderate OGD treatment promotes NSC differentiation to neurons and enhances the performance of the mature neuronal networks, accompanying increased neurite outgrowth of differentiated neurons. However, long\u2010term 6 h and 8 h OGD exposures in NSCs lead to decreased cell survival, reduced differentiation and diminished NSC\u2010derived neurite outgrowth. The expressions of neuron\u2010specific microtubule\u2010associated protein 2 (MAP\u20102) and growth associated protein 43 (GAP\u201043) are increased by short\u2010term OGD treatments but suppressed by long\u2010term OGD. Overall, our results demonstrate that short\u2010term OGD exposure in vitro induces differentiation of NSCs while maintaining their proliferation and survival, providing valuable insights of adopting NSC\u2010based therapy for ischemic stroke and other neurodegenerative disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2015.04.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,25]],"date-time":"2015-04-25T14:11:37Z","timestamp":1429971097000},"page":"50-57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Enhanced differentiation of neural stem cells to neurons and promotion of neurite outgrowth by oxygen\u2013glucose deprivation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Qin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolarynology The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha 410011 Hunan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha 410011 Hunan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yaping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology The Second Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha 410011 Hunan China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1535-6108(02)00046-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80510-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201407095"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-008-1336-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.111.094946"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"V.Carriel I.Garzon A.Campos M.Cornelissen M.Alaminos.Differential expression of GAP \u201043 and neurofilament during peripheral nerve regeneration through bio\u2010artificial conduits.J. 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