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Prenatal SSRI exposure has been associated with an increased prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and peripheral 5\u2010HT is elevated in some ASD patients. Perinatal SSRI exposure in rodents has been associated with increased depression and anxiety\u2010like behavior, decreased sociability, and impaired learning in the offspring, behaviors often seen in ASD. The present study investigated whether perinatal exposure to citalopram causes persistent neurobehavioral effects. Gravid Sprague\u2010Dawley rats were assigned to two groups and subcutaneously injected twice per day with citalopram (10 mg\/kg; Cit) or saline (Sal) 6 h apart on embryonic day (E)6\u201021, and then drug was given directly to the pups after delivery from postnatal day (P)1\u201020. Starting on P60, one male\/female from each litter was tested in the Cincinnati water maze (CWM) and open\u2010field before and after MK\u2010801. A second pair from each litter was tested in the Morris water maze (MWM) and open\u2010field before and after (+)\u2010amphetamine. A third pair was tested as follows: elevated zero\u2010maze, open\u2010field, marble burying, prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle, social preference, and forced swim. Cit\u2010exposed rats were impaired in the MWM during acquisition and probe, but not during reversal, shift, or cued trials. Cit\u2010exposed rats also showed increased marble burying, decreased time in the center of the open\u2010field, decreased latency to immobility in forced swim, and increased acoustic startle across prepulse intensities with no effects on CWM. The results are consistent with citalopram inducing several ASD\u2010like effects. The findings add to concerns about use of SSRIs during pregnancy. Further research on different classes of antidepressants, dose\u2010effect relationships, timing of exposure periods, and mechanisms for these effects are needed. It is also important to balance the effects described here against the effects of the disorders for which the drugs are given.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2016.08.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,9]],"date-time":"2016-09-09T23:46:45Z","timestamp":1473464805000},"page":"39-52","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Perinatal exposure to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram alters spatial learning and memory, anxiety, depression, and startle in Sprague\u2010Dawley rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Jenna L.N.","family":"Sprowles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation Cincinnati OH United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jillian R.","family":"Hufgard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation Cincinnati OH United States"},{"name":"University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH 45229 United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnold","family":"Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation Cincinnati OH United States"},{"name":"University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH 45229 United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca A.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation Cincinnati OH United States"},{"name":"University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH 45229 United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"Jablonski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation Cincinnati OH United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael T.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation Cincinnati OH United States"},{"name":"University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH 45229 United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles V.","family":"Vorhees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation Cincinnati OH United States"},{"name":"University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH 45229 United States"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903010304"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903010302"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210\u2010200923060\u201000004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270010373928"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.05.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.\u00a01749\u20106632.1990.\u00a0tb16893.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1101678"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.3973\u201007.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0091\u20106773(75)90636\u20107"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.53.9.2145","article-title":"MRI volumes of amygdala and hippocampus in non\u2010mentally retarded autistic adolescents and adults","volume":"53","author":"Aylward E.H.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000096645"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20102125.2007.03048.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(02)00268-1","article-title":"Ventral hippocampal lesions affect anxiety but not spatial learning","volume":"139","author":"Bannerman D.M.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Behav. 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