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However, the exact reasons for this relation are still unknown. While typical numerical development is associated with a frontal\u2010to\u2010parietal shift of brain activation with increasing age, influences of gestational age have hardly been considered so far. Therefore, we investigated the influence of gestational age on the neural correlates of number processing in 6\u2010 and 7\u2010year\u2010old children born prematurely (n = 16). Only the numerical distance effect \u2013 as a measure of intentional number magnitude processing \u2013 elicited the fronto\u2010parietal activation pattern typically observed for numerical cognition. On the other hand, the size congruity effect \u2013 as a measure of automatic number magnitude processing \u2013 was associated with activation of brain areas typically attributed to cognitive control. Most importantly, however, we observed that gestational age reliably predicted the frontal\u2010to\u2010parietal shift of activation observed for the numerical distance effect. Our findings seem to indicate that human numerical development may start even before birth and prematurity might hamper neural facilitation of the brain circuitry subserving numerical cognition. In turn, this might contribute to the high risk of premature children to develop mathematical learning difficulties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2017.10.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,14]],"date-time":"2017-10-14T07:03:16Z","timestamp":1507964596000},"page":"38-44","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Gestational age modulates neural correlates of intentional, but not automatic number magnitude processing in children born preterm"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Elise","family":"Klein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz\u2010Institut fuer Wissensmedien Tuebingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Korbinian","family":"Moeller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz\u2010Institut fuer Wissensmedien Tuebingen Germany"},{"name":"Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Leibniz\u2010Institut fuer Wissensmedien Tuebingen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Willmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Kiechl\u2010Kohlendorfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical University Innsbruck Department of Neonatology Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liane","family":"Kaufmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Hospital Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy A Hall in Tyrol Austria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2816","article-title":"Meta\u2010analysis of neurobehavioral outcomes in very preterm and\/or very low birth weight children","volume":"124","author":"Aarnoudse\u2010Moens C.S.H.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"16","key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnr.0000183905.23396.f1","article-title":"Neural correlates of symbolic number processing in children and adults","volume":"16","author":"Ansari D.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.04.184","article-title":"Dissociating response conflict from numerical magnitude processing in the brain: an event\u2010related fMRI study","volume":"32","author":"Ansari D.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.10.009"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.130.2.224","article-title":"The relationships among working memory, math anxiety, and performance","volume":"130","author":"Ashcraft M.H.","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. 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