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Inflammation has been implicated in the long\u2010term evolution and severity of HI brain injury. Inter\u2010Alpha Inhibitor Proteins (IAIPs) are immune modulator proteins that are reduced in systemic neonatal inflammatory states. We have shown that endogenous IAIPs are present in neurons, astrocytes and microglia and that exogenous treatment with human plasma purified IAIPs decreases neuronal injury and improves behavioral outcomes in neonatal rats with HI brain injury. In addition, we have shown that endogenous IAIPs are reduced in the brain of the ovine fetus shortly after ischemic injury. However, the effect of HI on changes in circulating and endogenous brain IAIPs has not been examined in neonatal rats. In the current study, we examined changes in endogenous IAIPs in the systemic circulation and brain of neonatal rats after exposure to HI brain injury. Postnatal day 7 rats were exposed to right carotid artery ligation and 8% oxygen for 2 h. Sera were obtained immediately, 3, 12, 24, and 48 h and brains 3 and 24 h after HI. IAIPs levels were determined by a competitive enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in sera and by Western immunoblots in cerebral cortices. Serum IAIPs were decreased 3 h after HI and remained lower than in non\u2010ischemic rats up to 7 days after HI. IAIP expression increased in the ipsilateral cerebral cortices 24 h after HI brain injury and in the hypoxic contralateral cortices. However, 3 h after hypoxia alone the 250 kDa IAIP moiety was reduced in the contralateral cortices. We speculate that changes in endogenous IAIPs levels in blood and brain represent constituents of endogenous anti\u2010inflammatory neuroprotective mechanism(s) after HI in neonatal rats.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2017.10.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,25]],"date-time":"2017-10-25T15:02:11Z","timestamp":1508943731000},"page":"54-60","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Alterations in inter\u2010alpha inhibitor protein expression after hypoxic\u2010ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Cl\u00e9mence","family":"Disdier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Women &amp; Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence RI 02905 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiyong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Women &amp; Infants Hospital of Rhode Island, The Alpert Medical School of Brown University Providence RI 02905 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Fukunaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Okayama 7008558 Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yow\u2010Pin","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ProThera Biologics, Inc. 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