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The main aim of this study was to delineate, by immunohistochemistry, the BDNF expression in human cerebellar cortex of victims of fetal and infant death. The study was performed on a total of 45 cases, aged between 25 gestational weeks and 6 postnatal months, including 29 victims of sudden fetal and infant death and 16 age\u2010matched subjects who died of known causes (Controls). We observed, in sudden death groups compared with Controls, a significantly higher incidence of defective BDNF expression in granule layers of the cerebellar cortex, which was particularly evident in the posterior lobule, a region that participates in respiratory control. These results were related to maternal smoking, allowing to speculate that nicotine, in addition to the well\u2010known damages, can exert adverse effects during cerebellar cortex development, in particular in hindering the BDNF expression in the posterior lobule. This implies modifications of synaptic transmission in the respiratory circuits, with obvious deleterious consequences on survival.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2017.11.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,23]],"date-time":"2017-11-23T15:15:17Z","timestamp":1511450117000},"page":"9-17","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Pathobiological expression of the brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in cerebellar cortex of sudden fetal and infant death victims"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Anna M.","family":"Lavezzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cLino Rossi\u201d Research Center for the study and prevention of unexpected perinatal death and SIDS Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences University of Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Ferrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cLino Rossi\u201d Research Center for the study and prevention of unexpected perinatal death and SIDS Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences University of Milan Italy"},{"name":"Division of Pathology Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debora","family":"Lattuada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cLino Rossi\u201d Research Center for the study and prevention of unexpected perinatal death and SIDS Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences University of Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Piscioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Hospital of Rovereto (Trento) Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graziella","family":"Alfonsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cLino Rossi\u201d Research Center for the study and prevention of unexpected perinatal death and SIDS Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences University of Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Matturri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cLino Rossi\u201d Research Center for the study and prevention of unexpected perinatal death and SIDS Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences University of Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902030413"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157015911798376190"},{"volume-title":"Development of the Cerebellar System in Relation to Its Evolution, Structure and Functions","year":"1997","author":"Altman J.","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2009.081","article-title":"Nicotine affects the expression of brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor mRNA and protein in the hippocampus of hypoxic newborn piglets","volume":"37","author":"Andresen J.H.","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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