{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:44:07Z","timestamp":1790145847342,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,8]],"date-time":"2018-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81502552"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81502552"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder is caused by maternal ethanol exposure; it causes physical, behavioral, cognitive, and neural impairments (Murawski et al., 2015). Mechanisms of FASD causing damage are not yet fully elucidated. Oxidative stress might be one of its mechanisms (Henderson et al., 1995). Yet no effective treatment against FASD has been found other than ethanol abstention (Long et al., 2010).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This review summarizes relevant literatures regarding interventions targeting oxidative stress that may relieve fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Astaxanthin was found to mitigate embryonic growth retardation induced by prenatal ethanol treatment through ameliorating the down regulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) caused by alcohol in a mice model (Zheng et al., 2014; Vabulas et al., 2002). Vitamin E protected against fatal alchol spectrum disorders by ameliorating oxidative stress in rat models (Mitchell et al., 1999a), and yielded a better outcome when it was combined with Vitamin C (Packer et al., 1979; Peng et al., 2005). Vitamin C mitigated embryonic retardation caused by alcohol and reversed ethanol induced NF\u2010\u03baB activation and ROS (reactive oxygen species) formation in a Xenopus laevis model (Peng et al., 2005). Beta carotene supplement was proved to protect against neurotoxicity in hippocampal cultures of embryos induced by alcohol in a rats model (Mitchell et al., 1999a). Prenatal folic acid supplement reversed the decrease of body weight caused by maternal ethanol treatment and ameliorated the increment of glutathione reductase specific activities as well as the increase of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) induced by alcohol in a rats model (Cano et al., 2001). Omega\u20103 fatty acids reversed the decrease of reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in brain caused by prenatal ethanol treatment in a rats model (Patten et al., 2013). EUK\u2010134 treatment reduced the incidence of forelimb defects caused by ethanol treatment in a mice model (Chen et al., 2004). Pretreatment of activity\u2010dependent neurotrophic factor\u20109 (ADNF\u20109) and NAPVSIPQ (NAP) protected against prenatal ethanol induced fetal death as well as fetal growth abnormalities in a mice model, and such treatment reversed the decrease of the rate of reduced glutathione (GSH)\/ oxidative glutathione (GSSG) caused by alcohol (Spong et al., 2001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>By now interventions against fetal alcohol spectrum disorder targeting oxidative stress includes astaxanthin, Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C), Vitamin E, beta\u2010carotene, (\u2013)\u2010Epigallocatechin\u20103\u2010gallate (EGCG), Omega\u20103 fatty acids, etc (see Fig. 1). However, most interventions are only assayed in animal models, more clinical trials are needed to show whether antioxidants make an effort against FASD damage.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2018.09.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,8]],"date-time":"2018-09-08T16:10:01Z","timestamp":1536423001000},"page":"140-145","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["A review of interventions against fetal alcohol spectrum disorder targeting oxidative stress"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Yuanpei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Sun Yat\u2010sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat\u2010sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Sun Yat\u2010sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat\u2010sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Sun Yat\u2010sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat\u2010sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Sun Yat\u2010sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat\u2010sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat\u2010sen University Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","unstructured":"M.Abdullah F.N.Attia.Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid).2018"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4755","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules17044755","article-title":"Dynamic action of carotenoids in cardioprotection and maintenance of cardiac health","volume":"17","author":"Agarwal M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.02.018"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.0721283.x","article-title":"Complete sequence of a novel protein containing a femtomolar\u2010activity\u2010dependent neuroprotective peptide","volume":"72","author":"Bassan M.","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-011-8200-6","article-title":"Endogenous signaling by omega\u20103 docosahexaenoic acid\u2010derived mediators sustains homeostatic synaptic and circuitry integrity","volume":"44","author":"Bazan N.G.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.6.1457","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid concentrations in human breast milk worldwide","volume":"85","author":"Brenna J.T.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI118672","article-title":"A femtomolar\u2010acting neuroprotective peptide","volume":"97","author":"Brenneman D.E.","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Invest."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)37441-5","article-title":"Activity\u2010dependent neurotrophic factor: structure\u2010activity relationships of femtomolar\u2010acting peptides","volume":"285","author":"Brenneman D.E.","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2760(95)00044-D","article-title":"Effect of maternal ethanol consumption during pregnancy on the phospholipid molecular species composition of fetal guinea\u2010pig brain, liver and plasma","volume":"1256","author":"Burdge G.C.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10715760100300011","article-title":"Protective effect of folic acid against oxidative stress produced in 21\u2010day postpartum rats by maternal\u2010ethanol chronic consumption during pregnancy and lactation period","volume":"34","author":"Cano M.J.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Free Radic. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06335.x","article-title":"Docosahexaenoic acid promotes hippocampal neuronal development and synaptic function","volume":"111","author":"Cao D.","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2003.05.008","article-title":"Effects of anabolic steroids and antioxidant vitamins on ethanol\u2010induced tissue injury","volume":"74","author":"Celec P.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sder.2011.11.009","article-title":"Vitamin a: history, current uses, and controversies","volume":"31","author":"Chapman M.S.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Semin. Cutan. Med. Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2007.10.028","article-title":"Effects of alcohol exposure during development on play behavior and c\u2010Fos expression in response to play behavior","volume":"188","author":"Charles L.R.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.03-0850fje","article-title":"Protection from ethanol\u2010induced limb malformations by the superoxide dismutase\/catalase mimetic, EUK\u2010134","volume":"18","author":"Chen S.Y.","year":"2004","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del353","article-title":"Uptake and distribution of catechins in fetal organs following in utero exposure in rats","volume":"22","author":"Chu K.O.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2004.09.011","article-title":"Plasma appearance of unesterified astaxanthin geometrical E\/Z and optical R\/S isomers in men given single doses of a mixture of optical 3 and 3\u2019R\/S isomers of astaxanthin fatty acyl diesters","volume":"139","author":"Coral\u2010Hinostroza G.N.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S67","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN2000296","article-title":"Micronutrients: oxidant\/antioxidant status","volume":"85","author":"Evans P.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2341","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.0732341.x","article-title":"Activity\u2010dependent neurotrophic factor peptide (ADNF9) protects neurons against oxidative stress\u2010induced death","volume":"73","author":"Glazner G.W.","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2421","article-title":"Brain foods: the effects of nutrients on brain function","volume":"9","author":"Gomez\u2010Pinilla F.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurosci."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","article-title":"Hydroxysafflor yellow A reprograms TLR9 signalling pathway in ischaemic cortex after cerebral ischaemia and reperfusion","author":"Gong Z.","year":"2018","journal-title":"CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-3806(96)00215-5","article-title":"Antiserum to activity\u2010dependent neurotrophic factor produces neuronal cell death in CNS cultures: immunological and biological specificity","volume":"99","author":"Gozes I.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res. Dev. Brain Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7799(03)00078-7","article-title":"Haematococcus astaxanthin: applications for human health and nutrition","volume":"21","author":"Guerin M.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Trends Biotechnol."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2009.10.012","article-title":"Prenatal exposure to moderate levels of ethanol alters social behavior in adult rats: relationship to structural plasticity and immediate early gene expression in frontal cortex","volume":"207","author":"Hamilton D.A.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)01123-0","article-title":"Ethanol\u2010mediated generation of reactive oxygen species in developing rat cerebellum","volume":"334","author":"Heaton M.B.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01572.x","article-title":"In utero ethanol exposure elicits oxidative stress in the rat fetus","volume":"19","author":"Henderson G.I.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/Henderson"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_5_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1021\/np050354+","article-title":"Astaxanthin, a carotenoid with potential in human health and nutrition","volume":"69","author":"Hussein G.","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00272.2010","article-title":"Folic acid supplementation inhibits NADPH oxidase\u2010mediated superoxide anion production in the kidney","volume":"300","author":"Hwang S.Y.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2005.11.002","article-title":"Safety studies on epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) preparations. Part 3: teratogenicity and reproductive toxicity studies in rats","volume":"44","author":"Isbrucker R.A.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2014.07.006","article-title":"Beta\u2010carotene reduces oxidative stress, improves glutathione metabolism and modifies antioxidant defense systems in lead\u2010exposed workers","volume":"280","author":"Kasperczyk S.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0892-0362(99)00073-2","article-title":"Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on social behavior in humans and other species","volume":"22","author":"Kelly S.J.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_34_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Inhibition of oxidative injury of biological membranes by astaxanthin","volume":"22","author":"Kurashige M.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Physiol. Chem. Phys. Med. NMR"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R470","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00371.2013","article-title":"EUK\u2010134 ameliorates nNOSmu translocation and skeletal muscle fiber atrophy during short\u2010term mechanical unloading","volume":"306","author":"Lawler J.M.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2010.01282.x","article-title":"The preventive effect of oral EGCG in a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder mouse model","volume":"34","author":"Long L.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9384(02)00971-X","article-title":"Effects of alcohol exposure during development on social behavior in rats","volume":"78","author":"Lugo J.J.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_5_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1002\/ddrr.68","article-title":"Prevalence and epidemiologic characteristics of FASD from various research methods with an emphasis on recent in\u2010school studies","volume":"15","author":"May P.A.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dev. Disabil. Res. Rev."},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_5_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0968-0004(88)90148-X","article-title":"On the discovery of glutathione","volume":"13","author":"Meister A.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-0987(03)00135-0","article-title":"Oral bioavailability of the antioxidant astaxanthin in humans is enhanced by incorporation of lipid based formulations","volume":"19","author":"Mercke O.J.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/tera.1420340102","article-title":"Social play in juvenile rats prenatally exposed to alcohol","volume":"34","author":"Meyer L.S.","year":"1986","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-8329(98)00051-2","article-title":"The antioxidants vitamin E and beta\u2010carotene protect against ethanol\u2010induced neurotoxicity in embryonic rat hippocampal cultures","volume":"17","author":"Mitchell J.J.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(99)00144-5","article-title":"Vitamin E and beta\u2010carotene protect against ethanol combined with ischemia in an embryonic rat hippocampal culture model of fetal alcohol syndrome","volume":"263","author":"Mitchell J.J.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_44_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"Advances in diagnosis and treatment of fetal alcohol Spectrum disorders: from animal models to human studies","volume":"37","author":"Murawski N.J.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alcohol Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2007.10.006","article-title":"Modulation of Nrf2\u2010mediated antioxidant and detoxifying enzyme induction by the green tea polyphenol EGCG","volume":"46","author":"Na H.K.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_46_1","first-page":"257","article-title":"Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) prevents neurotoxicity in neuronal cultures: relevance to neuroprotection in Parkinson's disease","volume":"854","author":"Offen D.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_5_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1002\/bdrb.20211","article-title":"Dietary selenium plus folic acid as an antioxidant therapy for ethanol\u2010exposed pups","volume":"86","author":"Ojeda M.L.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res. B Dev. Reprod. Toxicol."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agv111","article-title":"The benefits of administering folic acid in order to combat the oxidative damage caused by binge drinking in adolescent rats","volume":"51","author":"Ojeda M.L.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol."},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/S0955-2863(00)00104-2","article-title":"Plasma appearance and distribution of astaxanthin E\/Z and R\/S isomers in plasma lipoproteins of men after single dose administration of astaxanthin","volume":"11","author":"Osterlie M.","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"issue":"5706","key":"e_1_2_5_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1038\/278737a0","article-title":"Direct observation of a free radical interaction between vitamin E and vitamin C","volume":"278","author":"Packer J.E.","year":"1979","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(92)90675-M","article-title":"Astaxanthin and canthaxanthin are potent antioxidants in a membrane model","volume":"297","author":"Palozza P.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch. Biochem. Biophys."},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_5_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2012.04.003","article-title":"Omega\u20103 supplementation can restore glutathione levels and prevent oxidative damage caused by prenatal ethanol exposure","volume":"24","author":"Patten A.R.","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_5_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2004.10.018","article-title":"Ascorbic acid inhibits ROS production, NF\u2010kappa B activation and prevents ethanol\u2010induced growth retardation and microencephaly","volume":"48","author":"Peng Y.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-016-2788-9","article-title":"Mitoprotective antioxidant EUK\u2010134 stimulates fatty acid oxidation and prevents hypertrophy in H9C2 cells","volume":"420","author":"Purushothaman S.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Biochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(93)90127-G","article-title":"Current status of antioxidant therapy","volume":"15","author":"Rice\u2010Evans C.A.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_5_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(95)02227-9","article-title":"Structure\u2010antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids","volume":"20","author":"Rice\u2010Evans C.A.","year":"1996","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.2478\/s13382-012-0022-x","article-title":"Adverse effects of antioxidative vitamins","volume":"25","author":"Rutkowski M.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Occup. Med. Environ. Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_5_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9926(199711)56:5<317::AID-TERA5>3.0.CO;2-U","article-title":"Incidence of fetal alcohol syndrome and prevalence of alcohol\u2010related neurodevelopmental disorder","volume":"56","author":"Sampson P.D.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Teratology"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_5_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H141","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2012.02762.x","article-title":"Shrimp waste extract and astaxanthin: rat alveolar macrophage, oxidative stress and inflammation","volume":"77","author":"Santos S.D.","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1139\/y11-124","article-title":"Folic acid supplementation attenuates high fat diet induced hepatic oxidative stress via regulation of NADPH oxidase","volume":"90","author":"Sarna L.K.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_5_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S0952-3278(03)00107-8","article-title":"Potential role of dietary omega\u20103 essential fatty acids on some oxidant\/antioxidant parameters in rats\u2019 corpus striatum","volume":"69","author":"Sarsilmaz M.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.36.040196.000503"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_63_1","first-page":"VII","article-title":"Omega\u20103 fatty acids, the brain and retina","volume":"99","author":"Simopoulos A.P.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Preface. World Rev Nutr Diet"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_5_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02859265","article-title":"Essential fatty acids, DHA and human brain","volume":"72","author":"Singh M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J. Pediatr."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(24)29596-3","article-title":"Prevention of fetal demise and growth restriction in a mouse model of fetal alcohol syndrome","volume":"297","author":"Spong C.Y.","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_5_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1385\/JMN:15:3:137","article-title":"VIP and peptides related to activity\u2010dependent neurotrophic factor protect PC12 cells against oxidative stress","volume":"15","author":"Steingart R.A.","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Mol. Neurosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1998.tb03684.x","article-title":"Comparison of social abilities of children with fetal alcohol syndrome to those of children with similar IQ scores and normal controls","volume":"22","author":"Thomas S.E.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"issue":"17","key":"e_1_2_5_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15107","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111204200","article-title":"HSP70 as endogenous stimulus of the Toll\/interleukin\u20101 receptor signal pathway","volume":"277","author":"Vabulas R.M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(05)80180-0","article-title":"Do essential fatty acids play a role in brain and behavioral development?","volume":"16","author":"Wainwright P.E.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev."},{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_2_5_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200312190-00033","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of docosahexaenoic acid on glutamate\u2010induced cytotoxicity in rat hippocampal cultures","volume":"14","author":"Wang X.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_5_71_1","first-page":"279","article-title":"Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders","volume":"72","author":"Wattendorf D.J.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. Fam. Phys."},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_5_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1007\/s12263-009-0143-4","article-title":"Neuroprotective molecular mechanisms of (\u2010)\u2010epigallocatechin\u20103\u2010gallate: a reflective outcome of its antioxidant, iron chelating and neuritogenic properties","volume":"4","author":"Weinreb O.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genes Nutr."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.02.048"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_5_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02433.x","article-title":"Alterations in hippocampal phospholipid profile by prenatal exposure to ethanol","volume":"89","author":"Wen Z.","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_5_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M007416200","article-title":"Cloning and characterization of the human activity\u2010dependent neuroprotective protein","volume":"276","author":"Zamostiano R.","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_5_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1002\/cbf.1204","article-title":"Protective effects of omega\u20103 essential fatty acids against formaldehyde\u2010induced neuronal damage in prefrontal cortex of rats","volume":"24","author":"Zararsiz I.","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Biochem. Funct."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.04.013"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0736574818300959?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0736574818300959?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1016%2Fj.ijdevneu.2018.09.001","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2018.09.001","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2018.09.001","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2018.09.001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T00:51:10Z","timestamp":1751849470000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2018.09.001"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,8]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2018.09.001"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2018.09.001","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0736-5748","1873-474X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0736-5748","type":"print"},{"value":"1873-474X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-03-06","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-09-01","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-09-08","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}