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Astrocytes play a key role in HI progression, becoming reactive in response to the injury, releasing S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B). Since S100B inhibition seems to have neuroprotective effects on central nervous system injury models, here we evaluated the neuroprotective effects of an S100B inhibitor, arundic acid (AA) in a HI model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>On the 7th postnatal day, animals were submitted to the combination of common carotid artery occlusion and hypoxic atmosphere (8% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) for 60\u202fmin. Three experiments were performed in order to: (1) define AA dose (0.1, 1 or 10\u202fmg\/kg, pre\u2010hypoxia i.p. injection), (2) test if repeated AA administrations (10\u202fmg\/kg at 3 time points: Pre\u2010hypoxia, 24\u202fh and 48\u202fh after HI) would improve the response and (3) investigate biochemical mechanisms involved in AA protection two days after HI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>AA at a dose of 10\u202fmg\/kg applied before and after hypoxia, was the only treatment protocol that was able to improve HI\u2010induced memory deficits, to reduce tissue damage, to promote astrocytic survival in the hippocampus and to reduced extracellular release of S100B in the cerebrospinal fluid.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, AA treatment showed beneficial effects on memory deficits, tissue damage, promoting astrocyte survival likely by reducing S100B release. Protection aided to astrocytes by AA treatment against HI lesion may lead to development of new therapeutic strategies that target these particular cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2019.06.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,13]],"date-time":"2019-06-13T12:42:15Z","timestamp":1560429735000},"page":"41-51","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Arundic acid administration protects astrocytes, recovers histological damage and memory deficits induced by neonatal hypoxia ischemia in rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"C","family":"Mari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Post\u2010graduation Program of Neuroscience Instituto de Ci\u00eancias B\u00e1sicas da Sa\u00fade (ICBS) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS 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