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Previously, we reported smaller total brain volumes in both critically ill full\u2010term and premature patients following complex perioperative critical care for long\u2010gap esophageal atresia (LGEA). Our current report assessed trends in regional brain sizes during infancy, and probed for any group differences.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Full\u2010term (n\u202f=\u202f13) and preterm (n\u202f=\u202f13) patients without any previously known neurological concerns, and control infants (n\u202f=\u202f16), underwent non\u2010sedated 3\u202fT MRI in infancy (&lt;1 year old). T2\u2010weighted images underwent semi\u2010automated brain segmentation using Morphologically Adaptive Neonatal Tissue Segmentation (MANTiS). Regional tissue volumes of the forebrain, deep gray matter (DGM), cerebellum, and brainstem are presented as absolute (cm3) and normalized (% total brain volume (%TBV)) values. Group differences were assessed using a general linear model univariate analysis with corrected age at scan as a covariate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Absolute volumes of regions analyzed increased with advancing age, paralleling total brain size, but were significantly smaller in both full\u2010term and premature patients compared to controls. Normalized volumes (%TBV) of forebrain, DGM, and cerebellum were not different between subject groups analyzed. Normalized brainstem volumes showed group differences that warrant future studies to confirm the same finding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both full\u2010term and premature critically ill infants undergoing life\u2010saving surgery for LGEA are at risk of smaller total and regional brain sizes. Normalized volumes support globally delayed or diminished brain growth in patients. Future research should look into neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants born with LGEA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2019.09.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]],"date-time":"2019-09-26T21:04:24Z","timestamp":1569531864000},"page":"11-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Quantitative MRI study of infant regional brain size following surgery for long\u2010gap esophageal atresia requiring prolonged critical care"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"79","author":[{"given":"Chandler Rebecca","family":"Lee Mongerson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Boston Children's Hospital Bader 3, 300 Longwood Ave. Boston MA United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell William","family":"Jennings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Esophageal and Airway Treatment Center Department of Surgery Boston Children's Hospital 300 Longwood Ave. Boston MA United States"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School 25 Shattuck St. Boston MA United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Zurakowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Boston Children's Hospital Bader 3, 300 Longwood Ave. Boston MA United States"},{"name":"Esophageal and Airway Treatment Center Department of Surgery Boston Children's Hospital 300 Longwood Ave. Boston MA United States"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School 25 Shattuck St. Boston MA United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dusica","family":"Bajic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine Boston Children's Hospital Bader 3, 300 Longwood Ave. Boston MA United States"},{"name":"Esophageal and Airway Treatment Center Department of Surgery Boston Children's Hospital 300 Longwood Ave. Boston MA United States"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School 25 Shattuck St. Boston MA United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7200242"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.153.4.331"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000014197"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(07)64007-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2015.03.010","article-title":"Foker process for the correction of long gap esophageal atresia: primary treatment versus secondary treatment after prior esophageal surgery","volume":"50","author":"Bairdain S.","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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