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The treatment of MSDU patients increases survival time and quality of life. Thus, nowadays there are a crescent number of adolescents and adults with MSUD. Relevant studies have been reported behavioral alterations in these patients, i.e. high risk of chronic neuropsychiatric problems, such as attention deficit disorder, depression and anxiety. Moreover, MSUD is associated to neurotransmitters deficiency. Herein, we aimed to investigate whether the toxicity of leucine is associated to anxiety\u2010like behavioral, using zebrafish acutely exposed to leucine as experimental model of MSUD. In addition, we evaluated the effects of high levels of leucine in the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activities, components of cholinergic neurotransmission system. Young zebrafish were exposed to 2\u202fmM and 5\u202fmM concentration of leucine for 24\u202fh. After that, the animals were submitted to the Novel Tank test, having the brain collected to enzymatic determination. The exposure to both concentrations of leucine caused behavioral and brain cholinergic activity alterations in young zebrafish, indicating an anxiety\u2010like behavior and cholinergic dysfunction. Therefore, this animal could be considered a promising organism to study the BCAA neurotoxic effects, which could help to a better comprehension of the behavioral and neurochemical alterations present in patients with MSUD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2019.10.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,4]],"date-time":"2019-10-04T11:10:37Z","timestamp":1570187437000},"page":"222-226","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Acute exposure to leucine modifies behavioral parameters and cholinergic activity in zebrafish"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Leticia B.","family":"Wessler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Crici\u00fama SC 88806\u2010000 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hemelin R.","family":"Farias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Crici\u00fama SC 88806\u2010000 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia F.","family":"Ronsani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Crici\u00fama SC 88806\u2010000 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Candiotto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Crici\u00fama SC 88806\u2010000 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paulo C.L.","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Crici\u00fama SC 88806\u2010000 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jade","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Crici\u00fama SC 88806\u2010000 Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas: Bioqu\u00edmica Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica Instituto de Ci\u00eancias B\u00e1sicas da Sa\u00fade Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre RS 90035\u2010000 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo P.","family":"Rico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Crici\u00fama SC 88806\u2010000 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilio L.","family":"Streck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Neurologia Experimental, Programa de P\u00f3s\u2010gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense Crici\u00fama SC 88806\u2010000 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545-017-0083-x","article-title":"Long\u2010term metabolic follow\u2010up and clinical outcome of 35 patients with maple syrup urine disease","volume":"40","author":"Abi\u2010 Ward\u00e9 M.T.","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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