{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T23:31:15Z","timestamp":1783639875620,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001411","name":"Indian Council of Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001411","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T00:59:24Z","timestamp":1685494764000},"page":"103776","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Gender differences in COVID-19 knowledge, risk perception, and public stigma among the general community: Findings from a nationwide cross-sectional study in India"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"93","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9623-5178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Stephen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4560-6124","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saritha","family":"Nair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1188-5583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aparna","family":"Joshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0652-1611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumit","family":"Aggarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tulsi","family":"Adhikari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7948-8579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vishal","family":"Diwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kangjam Rekha","family":"Devi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bijaya Kumar","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Girijesh Kumar","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damodar","family":"Sahu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2929-1724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bal Kishan","family":"Gulati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6744-5846","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saurabh","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeetendra","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Senthanro","family":"Ovung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1172-2263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chetna","family":"Duggal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moina","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sampada Dipak","family":"Bangar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4145-7467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pricilla B.","family":"Rebecca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Rani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeep","family":"Selvaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0176-6943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gladston G.","family":"Xavier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Peter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Basilea","family":"Watson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Kannan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.S.M.D.","family":"Asmathulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5199-5288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debdutta","family":"Bhattacharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyotirmayee","family":"Turuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subrata Kumar","family":"Palo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srikanta","family":"Kanungo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajit Kumar","family":"Behera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashok Kumar","family":"Pandey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0172-7423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamran","family":"Zaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"BrijRanjan","family":"Misra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niraj","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SthitaPragnya","family":"Behera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajeev","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kanwar","family":"Narain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8127-8140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajni","family":"Kant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seema","family":"Sahay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4676-9603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"RajnarayanRamshankar","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beena Elizabeth","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7462-7066","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N.","family":"Karikalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samiran","family":"Panda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Vishnu","family":"Vardhana Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhammsagar","family":"Ujagare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sneha","family":"Chinchore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_1920_20","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on health system & sustainable development goal 3","volume":"151","author":"Khetrapal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res [Internet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1177\/0253717620935578","article-title":"The \u201cuntold\u201d side of COVID-19: social stigma and its consequences in India","volume":"42","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J. Psychol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib3","first-page":"1","article-title":"Stigma and discrimination during COVID-19 pandemic","author":"Bhanot","year":"20218","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1177\/0011392121990023","article-title":"Staying away, staying alive: exploring risk and stigma of COVID-19 in the context of beliefs, actors and hierarchies in India","volume":"69","author":"Joshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr. Sociol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib5","first-page":"153","article-title":"Knowledge, perception, and practices towards COVID-19 pandemic among general public of India: a cross-sectional online survey","volume":"10","author":"Narayana","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Pract"},{"issue":"3 March","key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib6","first-page":"1","article-title":"COVID-19 related knowledge, attitudes, and practices in Indian Population: an online national cross-sectional survey","volume":"17","author":"Singh","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib7","first-page":"1","article-title":"Study of knowledge, attitude, anxiety & perceived mental healthcare need in Indian","author":"Roy","year":"202051","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatry J [Internet]"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1080\/19371918.2020.1806983","article-title":"A cross-sectional survey of knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) toward pandemic COVID-19 among the general population of Jammu and Kashmir, India","volume":"35","author":"Yousaf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soc Work Public Health [Internet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18062863","article-title":"Experience of the covid-19 pandemic in rural odisha, India: knowledge, preventative actions, and impacts on daily life","volume":"18","author":"Bauza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0244053","article-title":"Gender specific differences in COVID-19 knowledge, behavior and health effects among adolescents and young adults in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, India","volume":"15","author":"Pinchoff","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.4103\/ijrc.ijrc_73_20","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude, and practices toward the COVID-19 pandemic among the indian general population: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"10","author":"Kutikuppala","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J Respir Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.4103\/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_408_20","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and practices about COVID-19 among Kashmiri population: a cross-sectional study","volume":"63","author":"Imtiyaz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian J. Psychiatr."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4769","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1206_20","article-title":"Knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding COVID-19: a cross-sectional study among rural population in a northern Indian District","volume":"9","author":"Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Fam. Med. Prim. Care"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17197177","article-title":"Awareness, risk perception, and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in communities of Tamil Nadu, India","volume":"17","author":"Kuang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-020-00332-x","article-title":"Assessing coronavirus fear in Indian population using the fear of COVID-19 scale","volume":"19","author":"Doshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Ment. Health Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.ijmr_2455_21","article-title":"Development & validation of scales to assess stigma related to COVID-19 in India","volume":"155","author":"Nair","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J. Med. Res."},{"issue":"9 September","key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib17","first-page":"1","article-title":"Knowledge attitudes and fear of COVID-19 during the rapid rise period in Bangladesh","volume":"15","author":"Hossain","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One [Internet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib18","series-title":"The General Public Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding COVID-19 during the Lockdown in Asian Developing Countries","author":"Qalati","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib20","series-title":"UNICEF. Children in a Digital World","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib21","series-title":"Connected Women:The Mobile Gender Gap Report 2020","first-page":"52","author":"Rowntree","year":"2020"},{"issue":"January","key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib22","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 among young adults with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus amid the nationwide lockdown in India: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"166","author":"Pal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib23","author":"Kala"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib24","author":"Basuroy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib25","article-title":"Inequality in internet access in India: implications for learning during COVID","author":"Datta","year":"2022","journal-title":"SSRN Electron. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib26","article-title":"Around 67 per cent of internet users in India are male, claims report","author":"Saha","year":"2019","journal-title":"India Today [Internet]"},{"issue":"October 2020","key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib27","article-title":"COVID-19 risk perception and coping mechanisms: does gender make a difference?","volume":"55","author":"Rana","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Disaster Risk Reduct [Internet]"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18083908","article-title":"Gender differences in the covid-19 pandemic risk perception, psychology and behaviors of Spanish university students","volume":"18","author":"Rodriguez-Besteiro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"issue":"8 August","key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib29","first-page":"1","article-title":"Risk perception of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its related factors among college students in China during quarantine","volume":"15","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One [Internet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/ssqu.13116","article-title":"Reassessing gender differences in COVID-19 risk perception and behavior","volume":"103","author":"Ferr\u00edn","year":"2022","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Q."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib31","unstructured":"Jha A. Second wave spreading much faster in rural India than first. 2021 May 8; Available from: https:\/\/www.hindustantimes.com\/india-news\/second-wave-spreading-much-faster-in-rural-india-than-first-101620416984127.html."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e257","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30544-1","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroprevalence in India, August\u2013September, 2020: findings from the second nationwide household serosurvey","volume":"9","author":"Murhekar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib33","first-page":"1","article-title":"COVID-19 knowledge, risk perception, and precautionary behavior among Nigerians: a moderated mediation approach","author":"Iorfa","year":"202011","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/children7120311","article-title":"Risk perception of covid-19 infection and adherence to preventive measures among adolescents and young adults","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Children"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/ijcp.13899","article-title":"Fear of COVID-19 and stigmatization towards infected people among Jordanian people","volume":"75","author":"Abuhammad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib36","first-page":"1","article-title":"Stigma toward people with COVID-19 among the Lebanese population: a cross-sectional study of correlates and mediating effects","volume":"9","author":"Haddad","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Psychol [Internet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1111\/bjhp.12564","article-title":"Holding a stigmatizing attitude at the start of the COVID-19 outbreak: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"27","author":"Smith","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Health Psychol."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182111718","article-title":"Public stigma of covid-19 and its correlates in the general population of China","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Res. Publ. Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-048983","article-title":"COVID-19-related stigma and its influencing factors: a nationwide cross-sectional study during the early stage of the pandemic in China","volume":"11","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib40","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ohammadi E, Miller LE S V. Social Media and COVID-19: a global study of digital crisis interaction among Gen Z and millennials","author":"Thompson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Univ Melb"},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2020.35.e256","article-title":"Information and misinformation on COVID-19: a cross-sectional survey study","volume":"35","author":"Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Kor. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0812","article-title":"COVID-19-Related infodemic and its impact on public health: a global social media analysis","volume":"103","author":"Islam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1177\/03400352211041135","article-title":"Prevalence and source analysis of COVID-19 misinformation in 138 countries","volume":"48","author":"Al-Zaman","year":"2022","journal-title":"IFLA J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1080\/17441690903334240","article-title":"Gender and community views of stigma and tuberculosis in rural Maharashtra, India","volume":"6","author":"Atre","year":"2011","journal-title":"Global Publ. Health"},{"issue":"SUPPL. 4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1177\/00333549101250S407","article-title":"Tuberculosis and stigmatization: pathways and interventions","volume":"125","author":"Courtwright","year":"2010","journal-title":"Publ. Health Rep."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib46","first-page":"1","article-title":"Urban-rural inequities in knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding tuberculosis in two districts of Pakistan's Punjab province","volume":"10","author":"Mushtaq","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Equity Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib47","series-title":"Statistics Say Large Pandemics Are More Likely than We Thought","author":"Penn","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776_bib48","series-title":"The Next Pandemic Could Come Soon and Be Deadlier [Internet]","author":"Smitham","year":"2021"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S221242092300256X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S221242092300256X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,31]],"date-time":"2025-10-31T21:18:05Z","timestamp":1761945485000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S221242092300256X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S221242092300256X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776","relation":{},"ISSN":["2212-4209"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2212-4209","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gender differences in COVID-19 knowledge, risk perception, and public stigma among the general community: Findings from a nationwide cross-sectional study in India","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijdrr.2023.103776","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103776"}}