{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T19:42:02Z","timestamp":1790883722973,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["international-journal-of-gynecological-cancer.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Gynecological Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T17:49:18Z","timestamp":1752601758000},"page":"102009","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Management of intravenous leiomyomatosis: a comprehensive review of surgical and perioperative considerations"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Emily","family":"Volfson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michal","family":"Moshkovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0800-2460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Koen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Cusimano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel Soyoun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"574.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.06.037","article-title":"Intravenous leiomyomatosis with intracardiac extension: a single-institution experience","volume":"201","author":"Worley","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib2","article-title":"Manifestation and management of intravenous leiomyomatosis: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"45","author":"Lim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2023.14165","article-title":"Update on clinical characteristics and molecular insights for uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis (review)","volume":"27","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oncol Lett."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-002-0443-z","article-title":"Intravenous leiomyomatosis","volume":"267","author":"Diakomanolis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"37","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib5","article-title":"Different surgical strategies of patients with intravenous leiomyomatosis","volume":"95","author":"Ma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Medicine (US)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2017.04.017","article-title":"Intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus: a clinicopathological analysis of nine cases and literature review","volume":"56","author":"Low","year":"2017","journal-title":"Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib7","article-title":"Intravascular leiomyomatosis with cardiac and pelvic involvement in a postmenopausal woman: a case report of multidisciplinary team management","volume":"40","author":"Aleksandrov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Case Rep Womens Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogoh.2022.102452","article-title":"A rare case of intracardiac leiomyomatosis in a patient who underwent complete tumor resection only using the laparotomic approach","volume":"51","author":"Turan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2020.05.053","article-title":"Uterineintravenous leiomyomatosis with cardiac involvement","volume":"15","author":"Masood","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rad Case Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib10","first-page":"33","article-title":"Diagnosis of intravenous leiomyomatosis extending to heart with emphasis on magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"125","author":"Kang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2011.01.023","article-title":"Surgical treatment of intracardiac leiomyomatosis","volume":"142","author":"Gan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib12","article-title":"Intravenous leiomyomatosis: an uncommon cause of pulmonary embolism","volume":"22","author":"Kloska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Case Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(94)90237-2","article-title":"Intravenous leiomyomatosis","volume":"20","author":"Grella","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3941\/jrcr.v10i5.2221","article-title":"Intravenous leiomyomatosis disguised as a large deep vein thrombosis","volume":"10","author":"Gunderson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Rad Case Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2021.01.019","article-title":"Intravenous leiomyomatosis misdiagnosed with large thrombosis in inferior vena cava","volume":"60","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.5606\/tgkdc.dergisi.2022.22864","article-title":"Extrapelvic intravenous uterine leiomyomatosis mimicing cardiac myxoma and deep vein thrombosis","volume":"30","author":"Co\u015fkun Sungur","year":"2022","journal-title":"Turk Gogus Kalp Damar Cerrahisi Derg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcct.2023.12.002","article-title":"A \u2018Groot\u2019\u2217 in the heart: rare intravascular leiomyomatosis mimicking central pulmonary embolism","volume":"18","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.5090\/kjtcs.2011.44.3.243","article-title":"Pulmonary artery embolization of intravenous leiomyomatosis extending into the right atrium","volume":"44","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Korean J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.48.1780","article-title":"Intravenous leiomyomatosis with intracardiac extension","volume":"48","author":"Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2009.04.037","article-title":"Intravenous leiomyomatosis with inferior vena cava and heart extension","volume":"50","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31826ebb90","article-title":"Management of intravenous leiomyomatosis with intracaval and intracardiac extension","volume":"120","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8175.2011.01472.x","article-title":"Echocardiographic characteristics of intravenous leiomyomatosis with intracardiac extension: a single-institution experience","volume":"28","author":"Guo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023-020-01394-9","article-title":"Surgical treatment strategies for extra-pelvic intravenous leiomyomatosis","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orphanet J Rare Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib24","article-title":"One-stage resection of intravascular leiomyomatosis involving the right heart chamber through a single laparotomy","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2020.07.006","article-title":"Surgical strategy for intravenous cardiac leiomyomatosis","volume":"30","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2009.09.044","article-title":"Intravenous leiomyomatosis with intracardiac extension","volume":"89","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e40","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1715183","article-title":"Three case reports of intravenous leiomyomatosis with intracardiac extensions","volume":"9","author":"Deng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Thorac Cardiovasc Surg Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib28","first-page":"77","article-title":"Uterine leiomyomatosis with intracardiac extension: one-stage surgical approach","volume":"30","author":"Del Canto Peruyera","year":"2023","journal-title":"Port J Card Thorac Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvsv.2020.05.011","article-title":"Experience in the diagnosis and treatment of intravenous leiomyomatosis involving the inferior vena cava and or right cardiac chambers","volume":"9","author":"Lian","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg Venous Lymph Disord"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3941\/jrcr.v13i7.3607","article-title":"Multidisciplinary approach in the management of uterine intravenous leiomyomatosis with intracardiac extension: case report and review of literature","volume":"13","author":"Marrone","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Rad Case Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvscit.2021.07.005","article-title":"Surgical management of intravascular leiomyomatosis","volume":"7","author":"Painchaud-Bouchard","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg Cases Innov Tech"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib32","first-page":"224","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk factors and perioperative myocardial infarction after noncardiac surgery","volume":"37","author":"Wilcox","year":"2021","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.6061\/clinics\/2014(07)07","article-title":"Correlation between intra-abdominal pressure and pulmonary volumes after superior and inferior abdominal surgery","volume":"69","author":"de Cleva","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinics (S\u00e3o Paulo)"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib34","article-title":"Renal impairment after cardiac surgery: risk factors, outcome and cost effectiveness","volume":"12","author":"Elghoneimy","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2024785","article-title":"Inactivity may identify older Intensive Care Unit survivors at risk for post\u2013intensive care syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Elias","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib36","series-title":"StatPearls","article-title":"Physiology, clotting mechanism","author":"Garmo","year":"2024"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib37","article-title":"Successful one-stage resection of intracardiac intravenous leiomyomatosis: a case report","volume":"48","author":"Magdalena","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol Rep"},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib38","article-title":"Intravenous leiomyomatosis of the uterus: a retrospective single-center study in 14 cases","volume":"2020","author":"Su","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijscr.2017.03.031","article-title":"Case report of an intracaval leiomyomatosis 10 months after complete hysterectomy","volume":"35","author":"Sch\u00e4fer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Surg Case Rep"},{"issue":"51","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib40","article-title":"Treatment of intravenous leiomyomatosis with cardiac extension following incomplete resection","volume":"2015","author":"Doyle","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Vasc Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.09.064","article-title":"A randomized, controlled clinical trial comparing the effects of aromatase inhibitor (letrozole) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (triptorelin) on uterine leiomyoma volume and hormonal status","volume":"93","author":"Parsanezhad","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djad111","article-title":"Are we there yet? Optimal duration of endocrine therapy in women with postmenopausal early-stage hormone receptor-positive breast cancer","volume":"115","author":"Symonds","year":"2023","journal-title":"JNCI J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/943635","article-title":"Innovative oral treatments of uterine leiomyoma","volume":"2012","author":"Sabry","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2007.07.010","article-title":"An evidence-based approach to hormonal therapies for premenopausal women with fibroids","volume":"22","author":"Lethaby","year":"2008","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/86.7.527","article-title":"Endometrial cancer in tamoxifen-treated breast cancer patients: findings from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) B-14","volume":"86","author":"Fisher","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1093\/icvts\/ivt117","article-title":"Intracardiac leiomyomatosis: a comprehensive analysis of 194 cases","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib47","first-page":"883","article-title":"GnRH agonist for intravenous leiomyomatosis with cardiac extension: a case report","volume":"44","author":"Mitsuhashi","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Reprod Med Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib48","article-title":"Pre-operative GnRH analogue therapy before hysterectomy or myomectomy for uterine fibroids","volume":"2","author":"Lethaby","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1308","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deh296","article-title":"Long-term effectiveness and safety of GnRH agonist plus raloxifene administration in women with uterine leiomyomas","volume":"19","author":"Palomba","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gynecological Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1048891X25011296?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1048891X25011296?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:23:09Z","timestamp":1790817789000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1048891X25011296"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S1048891X25011296"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1048-891X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1048-891X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Management of intravenous leiomyomatosis: a comprehensive review of surgical and perioperative considerations","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Gynecological Cancer","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijgc.2025.102009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 European Society of Gynaecological Oncology and the International Gynecologic Cancer Society. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102009"}}