{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:49:47Z","timestamp":1792068587511,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"Supplement","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,7]],"date-time":"2004-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1091836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":37,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>This review discusses the prevalence, risk factors, the impact on the quality of life and healthcare\u2010seeking behavior of women suffering from urinary incontinence (UI) and stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in particular. UI is a common problem, affecting women in all age groups, and has devastating effects on their social, professional and family life. UI may be manifest as stress urinary continence (SUI), i.e. \u2018the complaint of involuntary leakage on effort or exertion, or on sneezing or coughing\u2019. SUI is the most common form of UI, reported by approximately 50% of the incontinent women. Alternatively, patients may suffer from urge urinary incontinence (UUI), characterized by the \u2018complaint of involuntary leakage accompanied or immediately preceded by urgency\u2019. This is reported by 10\u201320% of incontinent women. Patients having symptoms of both disorders may be afflicted by mixed urine incontinence (MUI), being reported by 30\u201340% of incontinent women. This complaint was recently included in the definitions as: \u2018Involuntary leakage associated with urgency and also with exertion, effort, sneezing or coughing\u2019. Urodynamic studies show that the prevalence of SUI is underestimated when based on symptoms alone, as many patients with mixed symptoms have pure SUI during urodynamics. Although the etiology of SUI is still poorly understood, among the main risk factors are age, pregnancy, childbirth and obesity. Unfortunately, the majority of the patients suffering UI postpones looking for medical help for years, or may even never consult a physician regarding their problem, despite the considerable negative impact on their quality of life. Feelings of shame and embarrassment play an important role in this, in combination with the common belief that UI is a normal and inevitable consequence of the aging process. Clearly, there is still a long way to go in making patients and society aware of the fact that UI is a disorder, which can and should be treated. Consequently, patients must be encouraged to report their problem, while health care providers should raise the issue on routine exams in risk groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2004.05.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,10]],"date-time":"2004-08-10T19:55:27Z","timestamp":1092167727000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Stress urinary incontinence in the gynecological practice"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"O","family":"Contreras Ortiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0090-4295(02)02243-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.4081\/uij.2003.9","article-title":"Social cost of female urinary incontinence: epidemiology, cost of illness and cost\/effectiveness","volume":"17","author":"Bernasconi F.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Urogynaecologia I J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(00)00232-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-200109000-00007"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_8_6_2","first-page":"3","article-title":"Prevalence and natural history of female incontinence","volume":"32","author":"Hampel C.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00014136"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/beog.1999.0071"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)45194-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00016349709047789"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/16.5.506"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.1999.780613.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000020096"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6777(2000)19:3<259::AID-NAU7>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(02)02241-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.obstetgynecol.2003.09.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1998.tb02469.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_2","unstructured":"CarneiroK BruschiniH SrougiM ErricoG AlmeidaAJr. Prevalence of urinary incontinence in unselected Brazilian community\u2010living women over fifteen years old by direct approach. ICS 33rd annual meeting 2003 poster 240"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(03)00220-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)38063-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-0328(02)01332-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.2002.tb11354.x","article-title":"Female stress and urge incontinence in family practice: insight in the lower urinary tract","volume":"56","author":"Viktrup L.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.108171"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(94)00147-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000020231"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0412.2000.079004298.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_2","first-page":"663","article-title":"Urinary incontinence in women: prevalence, characteristics and effect on quality of life. A primary care clinic study","volume":"3","author":"Vinker S.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0690(18)30847-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(99)00263-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00537-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1999.tb08407.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(00)00327-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021788"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_2","first-page":"945","article-title":"The symptom of stress incontinence caused by pregnancy or delivery in primiparas","volume":"79","author":"Viktrup L.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.2198"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.53.8.453"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.281.6250.1243"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-200009000-00022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(02)02076-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-0528.2003.02327.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(11)91418-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02577-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0004-8666.2003.00019.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_2","volume-title":"Gynecologic Urology Society Meeting, (Abstract) October 1st","author":"Contreras Ortiz O","year":"1984"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_2","first-page":"88","article-title":"El arbol urinario en el carcinoma de cuello uterino","volume":"54","author":"Arrighi L.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Bol y Trab de la Soc de Obs y Gin de Bs As"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_2","first-page":"226","article-title":"Is incontinence associated with menopause?","volume":"100","author":"Sherburn M.","year":"2002","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_47_2","first-page":"12","article-title":"Estrogen therapy in the management of urinary incontinence in postmenopausal women: a meta\u2010analysis. First report of the Hormones and Urogenital Therapy Committee","volume":"83","author":"Fantl J.A.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-200101000-00023"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/S0002-9378(03)00598-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_2","article-title":"Impacto y Calidad de Vida en las Disfunciones Pelvianas","volume":"83","author":"Contreras Ortiz O","year":"2001","journal-title":"Soc Obst y Gin Bs As, 15th Scientific Meeting"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.297.6657.1187"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.294.6571.540"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(02)02519-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_54_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/154099903322404339"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1990.tb03504.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2003.04609.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_57_2","first-page":"43","article-title":"Urinary incontinence knowledge and attitudes in S\u00e3o Paulo","volume":"47","author":"Blanes L.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ostomy\/Wound Management"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gynecology &amp; Obstetrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020729204001638?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020729204001638?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1016%2Fj.ijgo.2004.05.004","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1016%2Fj.ijgo.2004.05.004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.ijgo.2004.05.004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T22:52:51Z","timestamp":1696373571000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.ijgo.2004.05.004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"Supplement","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.ijgo.2004.05.004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijgo.2004.05.004","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7292","1879-3479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7292","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-3479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]}}}