{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T20:48:44Z","timestamp":1760906924596},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,31]],"date-time":"2007-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1188518400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label \/><jats:p>The plight of women in poor nonindustrialized countries who have incurred catastrophic childbirth injuries, such as vesico\u2010vaginal and recto\u2010vaginal fistulas, from prolonged obstructed labor is receiving increased attention from the world medical community. While the good intentions that have prompted this greater concern are not in doubt, intentions by themselves are insufficient guarantees of ethical conduct in programs developed to repair these injuries. Clinical proposals put forward to deal with the problem of fistula must undergo critical analysis to insure that basic ethical requirements are met. This article emphasizes the vulnerability to exploitation of women with obstetric fistulas and reviews the basic principles of medical ethics relevant to fistula care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2007.06.020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,9,4]],"date-time":"2007-09-04T12:42:51Z","timestamp":1188909771000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Ethical issues in vesico\u2010vaginal fistula care and research"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"L.L.","family":"Wall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_2","first-page":"189","article-title":"Experiences in the treatment of 600 vaginal fistulas and in the management of 80 labours which have followed the repair of these injuries","volume":"4","author":"Hamlin R.H.","year":"1966","journal-title":"Ethiop Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_3_2","first-page":"S1","article-title":"The obstetrical vesicovaginal fistula in the developing world","volume":"60","author":"Wall L.L.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Surv"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69476-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_2","volume-title":"The coming plague: newly emerging diseases in a world out of balance","author":"Garrett L.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_2","volume-title":"Princes and peasants: smallpox in history","author":"Hopkins D.R.","year":"1983"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195103472.001.0001","volume-title":"Surgical ethics","author":"McCullough L.D.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_2","volume-title":"Principles of biomedical ethics","author":"Beauchamp T.L.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(93)90176-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_2","volume-title":"A study in scarlet","author":"Doyle A.C.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/9781400826537"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_2","unstructured":"Seneca. Gummere RM trans. On a promising pupil. In: Seneca: epistles 1\u201365. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press Loeb Classical Library; 1917:241\u20133. [Epistle XXXIV]."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_2","volume-title":"Integrity","author":"Carter S.L.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7208\/chicago\/9780226924687.001.0001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.21.2838"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_2","first-page":"94","volume-title":"Hippocratic writings","author":"Hippocrates","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_2","volume-title":"Essential obstetric functions at first referral level to reduce maternal mortality: report of a technical working group, June 23\u201327, 1989","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)02369-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.113854"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_2","first-page":"91","volume-title":"Diseases of women and abdominal surgery","author":"Tait L.","year":"1889"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_2","volume-title":"The perversion of autonomy: the proper uses of coercion and constraints in a liberal society","author":"Gaylin W.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154510970400300402"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1020-49892004000300007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_2","first-page":"609","article-title":"Poverty and comment mental disorders in developing countries","volume":"81","author":"Patel V.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006250-200212000-00026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-199609000-00024"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1983.tb08933.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/172248"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_2","volume-title":"Hausa medicine: illness and well\u2010being in a West African culture","author":"Wall L.L.","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(94)90759-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_2","volume-title":"First steps in vesico\u2010vaginal fistula repair","author":"Hancock B.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198707163170304"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-005-0056-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1464-410x.1999.00197.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195070422.001.0001","volume-title":"The Nazi doctors and the Nuremberg Code: human rights in human experimentation","author":"Annas G.J.","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2004.02103.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_2","first-page":"373","article-title":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles involving human subjects","volume":"79","author":"World Medical Association","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7264.824"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7289.747"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jme.2002.001263"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_2","first-page":"199","article-title":"World Health Organization partograph in management of labour","volume":"343","author":"Kwast B.E.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2190\/91YH-A52T-AFBB-1LEA"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(89)90213-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_2","first-page":"700","article-title":"Severe acute maternal morbidity and maternal death audit: a rapid diagnostic tool for evaluating maternal care","volume":"93","author":"Cochet L.","year":"2003","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_2","volume-title":"Why mothers die 2000\u20132002: the sixth report of the confidential enquiries into maternal deaths in the United Kingdom","author":"Lewis G.","year":"2004"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gynecology &amp; Obstetrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1016%2Fj.ijgo.2007.06.020","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1016%2Fj.ijgo.2007.06.020","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020729207003682?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020729207003682?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.ijgo.2007.06.020","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,17]],"date-time":"2024-02-17T18:53:15Z","timestamp":1708195995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.ijgo.2007.06.020"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,31]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.ijgo.2007.06.020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijgo.2007.06.020","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7292","1879-3479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7292","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-3479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,31]]}}}