{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T13:34:14Z","timestamp":1768743254602,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,24]],"date-time":"2008-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1222214400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the effectiveness, safety, and acceptability of cryotherapy for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) when provided by trained midwives in rural India.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women with colposcopic findings of CIN lesions suitable for ablative treatment received cryotherapy from trained midwives before the biopsy results were known. Cure rates, adverse effects, and complications were assessed and factors influencing cure rates were evaluated by <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"graphic\/ijgo232-math-0001.png\" xlink:title=\"urn:x-wiley:00207292:ijgo232:equation:ijgo232-math-0001\"\/> tests. Cure was defined as no clinical or histologic evidence of CIN lesions 6 or more months after treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 1068 women treated with cryotherapy, 728 had histologically proven CIN in their pretreatment biopsy specimens; of the 574 reporting for follow\u2010up, 538 (93.7%) were cured (95% confidence interval [CI], 92.1%\u201396.3%). Cure rates were 96.4% (95% CI, 94.6%\u201398.1%) for CIN 1 and 82.1% (95% CI, 74.7%\u201389.4%) for CIN 2 and CIN 3 lesions combined. Minor adverse effects were documented in 5.2% of the women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cryotherapy provided by midwives was found to be safe, effective, and acceptable by the women.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2008.07.016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,25]],"date-time":"2008-09-25T08:18:54Z","timestamp":1222330734000},"page":"232-236","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Effectiveness, safety, and acceptability of cryotherapy by midwives for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in Maharashtra, India"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Bhagwan M.","family":"Nene","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pragna S.","family":"Hiremath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Subhadha","family":"Kane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean\u2010Marie","family":"Fayette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Surendra S.","family":"Shastri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rengaswamy","family":"Sankaranarayanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","unstructured":"Alliance for Cervical Cancer Prevention.Effectiveness safety and acceptability of cryotherapy: a systematic review.Cervical Cancer Prevention Issues in Depth Series.2003 Issue No. 1.http:\/\/www.alliance\u2010cxca.org\/english\/publications.html#cciid"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"CD001318","article-title":"Surgery for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia","author":"Martin\u2010Hirsch P.L.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","volume-title":"Colposcopy and Treatment of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Beginners' Manual","author":"Sellors J.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6603633"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21050"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.06.031195"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","series-title":"IARC Technical Publication","volume-title":"A Practical Manual on Visual Screening for Cervical Neoplasia","author":"Sankaranarayanan R.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","series-title":"IARC Handbooks on Cancer Prevention","volume-title":"Cervix Cancer Screening","author":"International Agency for Cancer Research","year":"2004"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","first-page":"954","article-title":"Effective screening programmes for cervical cancer in low\u2010 and middle\u2010income developing countries","volume":"79","author":"Sankaranarayanan R.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"9360","key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12707-9","article-title":"Safety, acceptability, and feasibility of a single\u2010visit approach to cervical\u2010cancer prevention in rural Thailand: a demonstration project","volume":"361","author":"Thai Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RTCOG)\/JHPIEGO Corporation Cervical cancer Prevention Group","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.17.2173"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gynecology &amp; 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