{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T09:15:02Z","timestamp":1783070102863,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,16]],"date-time":"2008-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1224115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>In the past decades, obstetric personnel have attempted to reduce the frequency of brachial plexus injury (BPI) by attempting to use less traction during the delivery of the fetal anterior shoulder. Clearly, these attempts have been unsuccessful in preventing or reducing the frequency of BPI. We conducted a nonsystematic literature review of the reported controversies regarding the mechanisms of BPI causation and why this complication is not decreasing in frequency. The review indicates that maternal labor forces are the most likely cause of BPI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2008.08.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,17]],"date-time":"2008-10-17T08:56:00Z","timestamp":1224233760000},"page":"9-13","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Controversies surrounding the causes of brachial plexus injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"104","author":[{"given":"Herbert F.","family":"Sandmire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert K.","family":"DeMott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S096553950500152X"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/S0002-9378(03)00654-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(73)90727-8"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_12_6_2","first-page":"715","article-title":"Fetal Macrosomia: prediction, risks, proposed management","volume":"61","author":"Boyd M.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(92)91555-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(96)70606-3"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_9_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"A retrospective analysis of Erb's palsy cases and their relation to birth weight and trauma at delivery","volume":"6","author":"Graham E.","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70413-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.07.071"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_12_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-6349.2005.00632.x","article-title":"High birthweight and shoulder dystocia: the strongest risk factors for obstetrical plexus palsy in a Swedish population\u2010based study","volume":"84","author":"Mollberg M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/fn.88.3.F185"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1997.tb14849.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000287615.35425.5c"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196749060-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(94)90413-8"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_12_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.03.038","article-title":"Pattern and degree of forces applied during simulation of shoulder dystocia","volume":"197","author":"Crofts J.F.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000183595.32077.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(99)00132-3"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_12_21_2","first-page":"389","article-title":"Risk factors for Erb\u2010Duchenne palsy","volume":"71","author":"Acker D.B.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_22_2","first-page":"87","article-title":"ACOG practice bulletin. Shoulder dystocia. Practice Bulletin Number 40, November 2002","volume":"80","author":"Sokol R.J.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_2","volume-title":"Shoulder dystocia, Guideline No. 42","author":"Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(02)00131-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/135626202760390990"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01443610801913053"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gynecology &amp; Obstetrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020729208003494?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020729208003494?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1016%2Fj.ijgo.2008.08.003","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1016%2Fj.ijgo.2008.08.003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.ijgo.2008.08.003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T05:02:59Z","timestamp":1731387779000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.ijgo.2008.08.003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,16]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.ijgo.2008.08.003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijgo.2008.08.003","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7292","1879-3479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7292","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-3479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,16]]}}}