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This review compiles rates and risks of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with use of these medications for labor induction and augmentation in low\u2010income countries. Recommendations are proposed based on the findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We did a structured literature review using 5 databases followed by analysis of induction and augmentation rates from existing data.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Combined induction and augmentation rates were documented in up to 50% of hospital\u2010based deliveries identified in the databases. Data are sparse but suggest associations between induction\/augmentation and stillbirth, neonatal resuscitation, and uterine rupture, and inappropriate administration of oxytocin and misoprostol both outside and inside healthcare systems in low\u2010income countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Guidelines for labor induction\/augmentation are needed specifically for low resourced settings. Rigorous studies should be pursued to quantify the magnitude and effect of inappropriate induction and augmentation on maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Programs are needed to ensure community\u2010wide awareness of the adverse effects of the improper use of these drugs on mothers and babies, especially in out\u2010of\u2010hospital settings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2008.08.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,27]],"date-time":"2008-10-27T08:05:10Z","timestamp":1225094710000},"page":"276-282","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["How to avoid iatrogenic morbidity and mortality while increasing availability of oxytocin and misoprostol for PPH prevention?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"103","author":[{"given":"Ann","family":"Lovold","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Stanton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Armbruster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69522-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_2","unstructured":"Global misoprostol registration by indication. 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