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The impact of these perinatal T2DM and MS risk factors may be more important than genetics in some parts of the world, including low\u2010income countries. Breastfeeding for 3\u20136\u00a0months is associated with reduced risk of developing insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. Promotion of fast growth in SGA infants by nutrient\u2010enriched formula increases risk of hypertension and the metabolic syndrome. While waiting for better knowledge of how to combat T2DM and MS with early\u2010life interventions, breastfeeding should be recommended and enforced whenever possible, keeping in mind the health and nutritional status of the mother. Furthermore, promotion of fast weight gain in SGA infants by nutrient\u2010enriched formula feeding should be used with caution. 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