{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T11:54:33Z","timestamp":1774612473459,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,12]],"date-time":"2009-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1242086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To audit intrapartum fetal and early neonatal deaths of infants weighing \u2265 2000\u00a0g in a regional hospital in western Tanzania.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 3\u2010delays methodology was applied to a cohort of perinatal deaths from July 2002 to July 2004.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overall perinatal mortality rate in the hospital was 38 per 1000 live births, and in just over half of these cases the birth weight was \u2265 2000\u00a0g. The leading clinicopathologic causes of death were birth asphyxia (19.0%), prolonged or obstructed labor (18.5%), antepartum hemorrhage (11.5%), and uterine rupture (9.0%). First delays occurred in 19.0% of the cases, second delays occurred in 21.5%, and third delays occurred in 72.5%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>For women who delivered in this hospital, most of the substandard care occurred after admission to the health facility. The improvement of institutional health care may have a significant impact on the decision to attend health institutions and, thereby, reduce first delays.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.04.008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,13]],"date-time":"2009-05-13T08:15:17Z","timestamp":1242202517000},"page":"85-88","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":83,"title":["Perinatal audit using the 3\u2010delays model in western Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"106","author":[{"given":"Godfrey","family":"Mbaruku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos","family":"van Roosmalen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iluminata","family":"Kimondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filigona","family":"Bilango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Staffan","family":"Bergstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","first-page":"409","article-title":"No cry at birth: global estimates of intrapartum stillbirths and intrapartum\u2010related neonatal deaths","volume":"83","author":"Lawn J.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16783-4"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","first-page":"83","article-title":"Mortality certification and cause\u2010of\u2010death reporting in developing countries","volume":"82","author":"Sibai A.M.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","first-page":"11","article-title":"Comparison of perinatal outcome in rural Tanzania as obtained from a prospective community\u2010based survey and hospital data","volume":"46","author":"Walraven G.E.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Trop Geogr Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(95)80011-G","article-title":"Perinatal mortality in home births in rural Tanzania","volume":"58","author":"Walraven G.E.","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"24","key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","first-page":"905","article-title":"Causes of fetal and neonatal mortality in a South African Black community","volume":"61","author":"Ross S.M.","year":"1982","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.1994.tb00497.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.1996.tb00029.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.295.6603.894"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1989.tb03323.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(02)00380-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1954.tb07507.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/12.3.183"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)92717-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","first-page":"40","article-title":"The Nordic\/Baltic perinatal death classification","volume":"164","author":"Borch\u2010Cristensen H.","year":"1997","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand Suppl"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7210797"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","first-page":"147","article-title":"Audit incorporating avoidability and appropriate intervention can significantly decrease perinatal mortality","volume":"85","author":"Ward H.R.","year":"1995","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","first-page":"621","article-title":"Perinatal mortality attributable to complications of childbirth in Matlab, Bangladesh","volume":"78","author":"Kusiako T.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jp.7210793"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/12.2.161"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","first-page":"780","article-title":"The development of perinatal audit: 20\u00a0years' experience","volume":"82","author":"Bergsjo P.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1080\/jmf.14.4.267.276","article-title":"Suboptimal care and perinatal mortality in ten European regions: methodology and evaluation of an internal audit","volume":"14","author":"Richardus J.H.","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(94)90226-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","unstructured":"Bureau of Statistics Tanzania. National Census 2002."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-0528.2003.02153.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2004.01202.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_2","unstructured":"Mbaruku G.Enhancing Survival of Mothers and their Newborns in Tanzania[dissertation]. Stockholm: Karolinska Institute; 2005."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2000.tb03361.x"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_7_30_2","first-page":"561","article-title":"Labour complications remain the most important risk factors for perinatal mortality in rural Kenya","volume":"81","author":"Weiner R.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7292(94)90117-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_2","first-page":"132","article-title":"The Nairobi birth survey 1. The study design, the population and outline results","volume":"1","author":"Mati J.","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol East Cent Afr"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/31.3.661"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(01)00475-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/17.3.296"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000292637"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.10.1636"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_2","first-page":"37","volume-title":"Maternity Care in Developing Countries","author":"Bergstr\u00f6m S.","year":"2001"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_39_2","first-page":"4","article-title":"Women deliver: about the quality of obstetric care in resource\u2010poor settings","volume":"49","author":"van Roosmalen J.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bull Neth Soc Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1441","article-title":"Community\u2010based interventions for improving perinatal and neonatal health outcomes in developing countries: a review of the evidence","volume":"115","author":"Bhutta Z.A.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gynecology &amp; Obstetrics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020729209002379?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020729209002379?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1016%2Fj.ijgo.2009.04.008","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1016%2Fj.ijgo.2009.04.008","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.04.008","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,3]],"date-time":"2023-10-03T21:21:39Z","timestamp":1696368099000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.04.008"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,12]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.04.008"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.04.008","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-7292","1879-3479"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-7292","type":"print"},{"value":"1879-3479","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,12]]}}}