{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T16:08:45Z","timestamp":1786723725066,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,14]],"date-time":"2010-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1273795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To analyze the trend in maternal mortality ratio (MMR), characteristics and causes of maternal deaths, and factors influencing the MMR in China between 1996 and 2005.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data used in this study are based on the nationwide maternal mortality surveillance system. Trend in MMR and cause\u2010specific mortality were analyzed using the Cochran\u2010Armitage trend test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>From 1996 to 2005, MMR was higher in rural areas than in urban areas; and highest in remote areas followed by inner lands and coastal regions. The overall MMR in China decreased from 64.1 per 100 000 live births in 1996 to 47.6 per 100 000 live births in 2005. MMR in rural areas, remote areas, and coastal regions showed a decreasing trend. The leading causes of maternal death were obstetric hemorrhage, pregnancy\u2010induced hypertension, and amniotic fluid embolism. The mortality ratio of obstetric hemorrhage in rural areas and remote areas reduced significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The MMR in China displayed regional differences. Declines in rural areas and remote areas resulted from well\u2010targeted programs by the Chinese government. Future interventions are recommended to target causes of maternal death.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2010.03.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,17]],"date-time":"2010-05-17T06:10:34Z","timestamp":1274076634000},"page":"93-96","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Maternal mortality in China, 1996\u20132005"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Juan","family":"Liang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingrong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2003.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","volume-title":"Maternal mortality in 2000: estimates developed by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA","author":"WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA","year":"2004"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"182","article-title":"Estimates of maternal mortality for 1995","volume":"79","author":"Hill K.","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","volume-title":"China health statistics yearbook","author":"Ministry of Health of The People's Republic of China","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","volume-title":"China health statistics yearbook","author":"Ministry of Health of The People's Republic of China","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61356-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","first-page":"12","article-title":"Research on the classification of health status in China","volume":"6","author":"Rao K.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Zhongguo Weisheng Tongji"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","first-page":"149","article-title":"A survey of deaths of children under the age of 5 years in China","volume":"32","author":"Lin L.M.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chin J Pediatr"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","volume-title":"International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problem (ICD\u201010)","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","volume-title":"Beyond the numbers: reviewing maternal deaths and complications to make pregnancy safer","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","volume-title":"Categorical Data Analysis","author":"Agresti A.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/JPM.2007.087"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61572-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-5-131"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","volume-title":"Joint review of the maternal and child survival strategy in China","author":"UNICEF, WHO, UNFPA","year":"2006"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","first-page":"1851","article-title":"Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of maternal mortality in target counties in 2007","volume":"36","author":"Liang J.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mod Prev Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","first-page":"2945","article-title":"Analysis of the Relationship between Maternal Mortality Ratio and Support Indicators in China","volume":"23","author":"Liang J.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Zhongguo Fu You Bao Jian"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","first-page":"341","article-title":"Maternal mortality in 1000 counties in China","volume":"40","author":"Liang J.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68397-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000187894.71913.e8"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","first-page":"258","article-title":"Maternal mortality in rural areas in China","volume":"35","author":"Liang J.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gynecology &amp; 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