{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T06:17:56Z","timestamp":1789107476150,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,17]],"date-time":"2011-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1295222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To study the angle of mediolateral episiotomy at the time of cut, after primary repair, and 6 months postpartum; and the incidence and severity of perineal pain and anal incontinence 6 months after delivery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study group comprised 60 consecutively recruited primiparous women who required episiotomy during delivery assisted by 2 obstetricians. The incision angle of episiotomy (defined as 60\u00b0) was measured before cutting, after primary repair, and after 6 months. At follow\u2010up, perineal pain was evaluated by a verbal rating score; anal incontinence was assessed by St Mark's score.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The angles differed significantly among the incision (60\u00b0), repair (45\u00b0), and 6\u2010month (48\u00b0) measurements (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). There was a poor correlation between the suture angle and the angle measured at 6 months postpartum. No severe perineal tear was diagnosed in the cohort. At 6 months postpartum, only 1 woman reported mild symptoms of de novo anal incontinence, whereas 7 women reported perineal pain related to episiotomy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>An incision angle of mediolateral episiotomy of 60\u00b0 resulted in a low incidence of anal sphincter tearing, anal incontinence and perineal pain. A randomized controlled trial is needed to assess the outcome when different angles of episiotomy are used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2010.09.015","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,18]],"date-time":"2011-01-18T09:13:03Z","timestamp":1295341983000},"page":"220-224","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Evaluation of the incision angle of mediolateral episiotomy at 60 degrees"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Vladimir","family":"Kalis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Landsmanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbora","family":"Bednarova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaroslava","family":"Karbanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katariina","family":"Laine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zdenek","family":"Rokyta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00835.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2007.07.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00645.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2003.03030.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2008.05.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000287275.15511.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09312-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3959(86)90228-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-536x.2001.00022.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.44.1.77"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-6757(95)90100-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.08.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000232504.32589.3b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1999.tb08269.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","first-page":"312","article-title":"Vaginal delivery in primiparas and anal incontinence","volume":"68","author":"Kalis V.","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cesk\u00e1 Gynekol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-005-1351-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2005.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.113855"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01674820701821047"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.05.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.03.013"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gynecology &amp; 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