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History shows social reformers experiencing religious condemnation and imprisonment for promoting means of birth control, until access became popularly accepted. Voluntary sterilization generally followed this pattern to acceptance, but overcoming resistance to voluntary abortion calls for courage and remains challenging. The challenge is aggravated by religious doctrines that view treatment of ectopic pregnancy, spontaneous abortion, and emergency contraception not by reference to women's healthcare needs, but through the lens of abortion. However, modern legal systems increasingly reject this myopic approach. Providers\u2019 conscientious commitment is to deliver treatments directed to women's healthcare needs, giving priority to patient care over adherence to conservative religious doctrines or religious self\u2010interest. The development of in vitro fertilization to address childlessness further illustrates the inspiration of conscientious commitment over conservative objections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2011.02.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,4,4]],"date-time":"2011-04-04T00:26:51Z","timestamp":1301876811000},"page":"163-166","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Conscientious commitment to women's health"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"113","author":[{"given":"Bernard M.","family":"Dickens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca J.","family":"Cook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_2","volume-title":"The sanctity of life and the criminal law","author":"Williams G.","year":"1958"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60547-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_2","first-page":"67","volume-title":"Medico\u2010legal aspects of reproduction and parenthood","author":"Mason J.K.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_2","unstructured":"274 United States Reporter 200 (US Sup Ct)."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_2","unstructured":"Bravery v Bravery [1954] 3 All England Reports 59 (Court of Appeal) Lord Denning at 67\u20138."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_2","unstructured":"R v Bourne [1938] 3 All England Reports 615 (Central Criminal Court)."},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61983-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_2","unstructured":"R. v. 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