{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T06:02:44Z","timestamp":1778047364029,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,16]],"date-time":"2012-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1326672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To determine the prevalence of intimate partner violence in Pakistan and its association with reproductive health outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional survey was conducted in 8 hospitals in Lahore and Sialkot between October 2008 and January 2009. Information from randomly selected ever\u2010married women of reproductive age was collected via a structured interview. Psychologic, physical, and sexual violence was categorized as \u201cno\u201d or \u201csevere\u201d violence. Associations between reproductive health outcomes and violence were assessed by multivariate logistic regression.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 373 women interviewed, 75.9% reported severe psychologic, 34.6% reported severe sexual, and 31.9% reported severe physical violence at least once in marital life. Women who experienced severe physical violence were more likely to have their husband's noncooperation in using contraceptives (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 3.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.93\u20135.68), poor prenatal care (AOR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.23\u20133.69), unplanned pregnancies (AOR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.39\u20133.76), and poor self\u2010reported reproductive health (AOR, 2.95; 95% CI, 1.71\u20134.91) as compared with non\u2010abused women. Similar associations existed for other types of violence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results highlight the magnitude of violence and its association with reproductive health of women. Urgent action is needed to mitigate the violence and its consequential damage to health.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2011.10.032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,17]],"date-time":"2012-01-17T00:05:51Z","timestamp":1326758751000},"page":"10-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Intimate partner violence and its association with women's reproductive health in Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Rubeena","family":"Zakar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Z.","family":"Zakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Mikolajczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Kr\u00e4mer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08336-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838005277441"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","volume-title":"WHO multi\u2010country study on women's health and domestic violence against women: initial results on prevalence, health outcomes and women's responses","author":"Garcia\u2010Moreno C.","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-005-0030-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801208323793"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2007.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2008.10.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70208-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-006-9129-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","unstructured":"HausmannR. 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