{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T19:35:52Z","timestamp":1789500952598,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,20]],"date-time":"2012-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1340150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Intl J Gynecology &amp; Obste"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To describe the epidemiology and clinical presentation of female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) among women in eastern Sudan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross\u2010sectional survey was conducted at Kassala Maternity Hospital, Sudan, from January 1 to December 31, 2010.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of the 2778 women presenting with various gynecologic symptoms, 44 suspected cases of FGTB were identified. Granulomatous tissue reactions were observed in 25 of the suspected FGTB cases, yielding an incidence of 0.9%. The majority (20\/25; 80%) of these patients presented with chronic pelvic and lower abdominal pain; however, 68.0% (17\/25) presented with pelvic mass, cyst and\/or abscess; 48.0% (12\/25) had dyspareunia; 40.0% (10\/25) were infertile; 28% (7\/25) had menstrual dysfunction; 20.0% (5\/25) had dysmenorrhea; and 4.0% (1\/25) experienced postmenopausal bleeding. Body mass index, residence, and educational level were significantly different between women diagnosed with FGTB and those where FGTB was excluded (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> values = 0.02, 0.03, and 0.01, respectively). However, no significant differences were found in age and Bacillus Calmette\u2010Gu\u00e9rin vaccination status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Clinical suspicion may facilitate and improve the detection of FGTB, with chronic pelvic pain identified as the predominant clinical presentation among women in eastern Sudan.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2012.04.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,20]],"date-time":"2012-06-20T19:06:15Z","timestamp":1340219175000},"page":"236-238","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Clinical presentation and epidemiology of female genital tuberculosis in eastern Sudan"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"AbdelAziem A.","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tajeldin M.","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","first-page":"316","article-title":"Extrapulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"120","author":"Sharma S.K.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"14","volume-title":"Tuberculosis","author":"Mohan A.","year":"2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2003.004093"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","first-page":"13","article-title":"Female genital tract tuberculosis: how long will it elude diagnosis?","volume":"134","author":"Bose M.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","article-title":"Genital Tuberculosis as The cause of Tuboovarian Abscess in an Immunocompromised Patient: A case Report","volume":"745060","author":"Illmer M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1757-1626-2-161"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","article-title":"Postmenopausal tuberculosis endometritis: a case report","volume":"27028","author":"G\u00fcng\u00f6rd\u00fck K.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1177\/1403494808097172","article-title":"Evaluation of tuberculosis control programme in Khartoum State for the year 2006","volume":"37","author":"Ahmed Suleiman M.M.","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scand J Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2011.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2011.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.76.6.419"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","first-page":"203","article-title":"Genital tuberculosis\u2014a diagnostic dilemma","volume":"56","author":"Jassawalla M.J.","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynecol India"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1576\/toag.7.2.075.27000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3468(97)90302-X"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","first-page":"418","article-title":"Newer diagnostic techniques for tuberculosis","volume":"120","author":"Katoch V.M.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0255-0857(21)02708-0","article-title":"Comparison of the conventional diagnostic modalities, bactec culture and polymerase chain reaction test for diagnosis of tuberculosis","volume":"23","author":"Negi S.S.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1673.2007.01890.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.11.3964-3969.2002"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","first-page":"345","article-title":"Overview of tuberculosis of the female genital tract","volume":"94","author":"Chowdhury N.N.","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Indian Med Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","first-page":"106","article-title":"Diagnosis of ruptured ectopic pregnancy is still a challenge in eastern Sudan","volume":"15","author":"Ali A.A.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Afr J Reprod Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01162-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.78.1.62"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2003.11.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.45943-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-1591.42626"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Gynecology &amp; 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